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715N1 – Change and Leadership
Mode: Report
Word Count: 1500
Your report will involve a critical explanation of different ‘leadership styles and approaches’ that explain how change can be managed in an organisation. The discussion should mention, but not be limited to, the following points:
1. An organisation from the private, public or voluntary sector, explaining reasons how and why the organisation has changed. 

2. The role of leadership within the organisation (e.g. choose one or two styles and approaches of leadership), and; 

3. Who/what was affected by change and how this was managed. 

Students should identify relevant theories of leadership and discuss their strengths and weaknesses relating to organisational change. Specific attention should be given to the role and style of leadership required for the success of organisational change. For example, was leadership effective? If so, how and why?
The suggested reading for the module can act as a starting point for the report, but you are required to conduct additional research using ‘a wide range of sources’. Please carefully review the Library’s business and management resources for journal articles, databases and other published information.
724N1 – Business and Project Management
Essay (3000 words)
Select a real life project that has failed and analyse why the project failed by applying the key knowledge areas, project management process groups and project management concepts.
Project selection: the project must be an existing, real-life project. This project can be a small, medium or large-scale project that has already been completed or the project can currently be in the process of implementation.
Key knowledge areas: at the minimum, you must include project scope, time, cost and quality. Project Management process groups: you should discuss the aspects of the process group of
relevant to your project: initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling and closing.
I. Essay Guidance
Essay Title
Introduction (no executive summary required)
Summarise the social problem discussed in your essay and clearly indicate the issues and arguments you will discuss in your essay (this section acts like a table of contents)
Body paragraphs
4. Include a more detailed explanation of the project 

5. All paragraphs need to support the essay topic- avoid diverging from the essay topic 

6. Essay should be more analytical then descriptive 

7. Discuss problematic aspects in the project management process and key knowledge 
areas 

8. Provide realistic, clear and detailed recommendations 
Conclusion 
Summarise the essay contents
Highlight and connect the key points
There should not be any new content in the conclusions 
References & style 
The report must have proper references using the Harvard referencing style Write in 3rd person using formal language 

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Essay guideline:
The project selected for the essay should be one that has encountered a number of problems. The project should be sufficiently discussed in the essay as it provides the context for the rest of the essay discussion.
The essay should include a minimum of the key knowledge areas: include project scope, time, cost and quality. Better essays will consider stakeholders, communication, risk or other knowledge areas
Project Management process groups should be discussed. The phases discussed should include the phases that have not been carried out sufficiently or is currently carried out insufficiently (initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling and closing). Generally the phases that are overlooked are planning. Better essays will discuss the life cycle of the project.
See PMBOK key knowledge areas and project management process groups in the table below.
Other project management concepts includes theories and concepts discussed in the lectures including, strategy, project management maturity process, project selection, project close, project quality, leadership etc. The discussion of project management concepts will depend on the project selected. Better essays will discuss the importance of aligning the project to the company strategy.
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838N1 – Managing Innovation
Essay (2000 words)
Answer TWO questions. Each carries equal marks (50 marks per question). Maximum 2,000 words, 1,000 words each question.
1. Discuss the relative importance of product/service attributes and organisational factors in successful new product and service development. Provide details of three product factors, and two organizational factors (10 marks per factor).
it is possible to identify some consensus of what the best criteria for success: Product:
9. • Product advantage – product superiority in the eyes of the customer, real differential advantage, high performance-to-cost ratio, delivering unique benefits to users – appears to be the primary factor separating winners and losers. Customer perception is the key. 

10. • Market knowledge – the homework is vital: better predevelopment preparation including initial screening, preliminary market assessment, preliminary technical appraisal, detailed market studies and business/financial analysis. Customer and user needs assessment and understanding is critical. Competitive analysis is also an important part of the market analysis. 

11. • Clear product definition – this includes defining target markets, clear concept definition and benefits to be delivered, clear positioning strategy, a list of product requirements, features and attributes or use of a priority criteria list agreed before development begins. 

12. • Risk assessment – market-based, technological, manufacturing and design sources of risk to the development project must be assessed, and plans made to address them. Risk assessments must be built into the business and feasibility studies so they are appropriately addressed with respect to the market and the firms’ capabilities. 
Organizational: 

• Project organization – the use of cross-functional, multidisciplinary teams carrying responsibility for the project from beginning to end. 

• Project resources – sufficient financial and material resources and human skills must be available; the firm must possess the management and technological skills to design and develop the new product. 

• Proficiency of execution – stage-gate process, quality of technological and production activities, and all pre-commercialization business analyses and test marketing; detailed market studies underpin new product success. 

• Top management support – from concept through to launch. Management must be able to create an atmosphere of trust, coordination and control; key individuals or champions often play a critical role during the innovation process. 

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2. Discuss the difference between Delphi and Scenario methods, and identify in which circumstances you might use each (25 marks per method).
The opinion of outside experts, or Delphi method, is useful where there is a great deal of uncertainty or for long time horizons. Delphi is used where a consensus of expert opinion is required on the timing, probability and identification of future technological goals or consumer needs and the factors likely to affect their achievement. It is best used in making long-term forecasts and revealing how new technologies and other factors could trigger discontinuities in technological trajectories. The choice of experts and the identification of their level and area of expertise are important; the structuring of the questions is even more important. The relevant experts may include suppliers, dealers, customers, consultants and academics. Experts in non-technological fields can be included to ensure that trends in economic, social and environmental fields are not overlooked.
Scenarios are internally consistent descriptions of alternative possible futures, based upon different assumptions and interpretations of the driving forces of change. Inputs include quantitative data and analysis, and qualitative assumptions and assessments, such as societal, technological, economic, environmental and political drivers. Scenario development is not strictly-speaking prediction, as it assumes that the future is uncertain and that the path of current developments can range from the conventional to the revolutionary. It is particularly good at incorporating potential critical events which might result in divergent paths or branches being pursued.
3. Explain five factors that influence the adoption and diffusion of innovations (10 marks per factor).
Numerous variables have been identified as affecting the diffusion and adoption of innovations, but these can be grouped into:
• characteristics of the innovation itself, including: 

• relative advantage, 

• compatibility, 

• complexity, 

• observability

• trialability. 

• Individual characteristics include age, education, social status and attitude to risk. 

• Environmental and institutional characteristics include economic factors such as the 
market environment and sociological factors like communications networks. 
However, whilst there is a general agreement regarding the relevant variables, there is very little consensus on the relative importance of the different variables, and in some cases disagreements over the direction of relationships. 

4. What are the differences between organizational climate and culture, and discuss five climate factors that influence innovation? (10 marks per factor).
Characteristics of an innovative climate:
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• Challenge& involvement 

• Freedom& autonomy 

• Trust& openness 

• Idea time & support 

• Playfulness& humour 

• Conflict& debate 

• Risk-taking 
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960N1 – Advanced Project Management
Essay (3000 words)
The aim of your essay is to provide a critical analysis of the Management of Projects concept. The emergence of this important concept is to be discussed. A description of level 1 – technical core, level 2 – strategic envelope, and level 3 – instrumental context should be undertaken. Additionally, key methods and relevant topic areas are identified and outlined for each level. Finally, the organisational and wider environmental context, and its effects, on the management of projects requires discussion. The assignment has three distinctive sections (see Appendix A – Assignment Structure). Furthermore, students are expected to employ harvard style referencing. Reading around the topic areas is also encouraged for it demonstates scholarly initiative.
Other information
• Word count 3000 ( ±10%) words Appendix A – Assignment Structure
1.0 The Emergence of Management of Projects (20% marks) 2.0 Management of Projects
2.1 Level 1 – Technical Core (20% marks)
2.2 Level 2 – Strategic Envelope (20% marks) 2.3 Level 3 – Institutional Context (20% marks)
3.0 Organisational and Wider Environmental Context (20% marks)
939N1 – Governing and Using Technology for Development
Report (3000 words)
Details on time and place of essay submission are the Sussex Direct site of the module.
This report should draw on both the governance AND the use parts of the module by selecting at least one concept each from the two parts. For example, these concepts could be ‘hybrid forums’ and ‘de-scription’. The two concepts should then be applied to analyse a range of documentation on the governance and use of a specific controversial technology in one or more countries of the global south. In addition to newspaper/magazine articles, the documentation to be collected may include government reports, documentary films and publications by civil society organizations (including any user associations), firms and scientists. The choice of the controversial technology to be analysed is up to the student. It can be anything from biofuels to genetically modified food to climate geo-engineering to military drones.
Citing all the empirical documentation used, alongside any existing studies on the issue/topic that are reviewed, the essay should be structured into the following sections: a) briefly introduce the topic (technology) in question, explaining why it is interesting to study, and review any relevant literature on the topic; b) succinctly describe the meanings of the two concepts that you have chosen to use; c) present your analyses of the documentation you have collected on the topic/issue, by interpreting the documentation through the lens of your chosen concepts (more on this below); d) provide some conclusions and derive some policy implications stemming out of your analysis.
To conduct effective analyses using your chosen concepts, you will have to connect the two concepts separately to the empirical texts (the documentation you have collected on your topic/issue), while (at the same time) connecting different parts of this documentation with each other. The aim of this connection-building exercise is to locate and trace different parts (of the texts) that, individually or in combination with each other, speak to and resonate with the meaning of one of your chosen concepts. This resonance between a concept and the empirical material may either be located (concentrated) in a single passage/section of the text and/or it may have to be traced by compiling and connecting multiple phrases scattered across the texts. This will require a careful reading of the empirical material with the chosen concepts at the top of your mind, taking note of any relevant instances for later compilation and use. Also note that the resonances and alignments you establish between a concept and the empirical material can be more or less close.
What is an excellent resit report?
To attain a 75-79%, an essay will have provided in-depth analyses of a substantial set of documents on the governance and use of a controversial technology, using the two selected concepts. Each concept should be applied to the relevant empirical texts separately, while bringing the two conceptual analyses succinctly in conversation with each other. Such analyses should be original in the sense that the same topic or issue (or at least the same set of documentation) should not have been already analysed using the same concepts in an existing study. Additionally, the student should have done a succinct literature review on the topic in question and situated her/his analysis in the literature. Finally, the student should have consulted new references on (applications of) her/his chosen concepts (beyond the few studies on those concepts introduced in the module).
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20 pages Study project Topic : Climate change adaptation practices in India. — Acknowledgements –Abstract — Introduction- Adaptations to climate change Global climate change and impacts Climate change impacts in india –Linking Adaptation to development –Adaptation on International level — Policies for adaptation in India –Disaster risk management –Adaptation of climate change in urban cities (urban adaptation) –Two case studies in India — Recommendations –Conclusion –References

Analyze the ethics difficulties in responding to a request for services, and resolve those difficulties. You are a single parent of two children: a 7-year-old and a 9-year-old. You are also a licensed psychologist. You have had the same live-in caretaker, Angela, for your children since they were born. Angela tells you that her teenage daughter has been having nightmares and believes that having a pet dog to sleep in her room with her would help her. The problem is that they live in a pet free apartment complex. Angela has heard that if her daughter is diagnosed with some kind of disability, she will be allowed to have an emotional support dog. She asks you to write a letter to the management company. If you agree to write that letter, will you be doing any harm? Discuss this issue and the potential violation of at least five APA Ethics Standards. Be sure to incorporate information from the article by Ensminger and Thomas (2013) on some of the implications of writing that letter. Note that besides multiple relationships, there is at least one other key ethics worry in this scenario. First notice a small contradiction in the story. The caretaker is at first said to live in the psychologist’s home, and later it is said that the caretaker lives in her own apartment in a building elsewhere from the psychologist’s house. This small contradiction does not affect the ethics aspects of the scenario. Note also that since the caretaker has been caring for the psychologist’s children for nine years, it is likely that the psychologist has met the caretaker’s daughter, in non-psychology settings, and likely has some sort of a “friendship” relationship with the daughter. Therefore there is a potential multiple relationship between the daughter and the psychologist. And there is a potential different kind of multiple relationship between the caregiver and the psychologist. Be sure to address both potential multiple relationships . Note that at the time that the psychologist is asked to write the letter, the psychologist has never treated the caregiver’s daughter, and has not interviewed the caregiver’s daughter to do a psychological assessment of the daughter. This raises a couple of possibilities in which the psychologist could write the letter, neither of which is specified in the scenario. The psychologist could interview and assess the daughter, and then write the letter. Without interviewing and assessing the daughter, the psychologist could write the letter Note that each alternative creates different kinds of multiple relationships.. Note also, that writing the letter without interviewing and assessing the daughter would be addressed in standards of the ethics code other than the standard on multiple relationships. . Be sure to analyze the ethics of writing the letter in each possibility, with and without interviewing the daughter. The article by Ensminger and Thomas (2013) titled Writing letters to help patients with service and support animals appears to be a red herring. the article is not pertinent to multiple relationship issues or to the issue of writing the letter without assessing the daughter. I recommend you do not use the article in your essay for this psychology term paper. 5 references

For this assignment, you will select a single collection of poetry (50-100 pages long) by a single author and write a 5-page book review. By “single collection” this means you should avoid anthologies, “Selected,” or “Collected” books of poems of an author’s work. A single collection of poems is typically between 50 and 100 pages and is a collection of poems released all at one time. If you can only find a collected book of poems by the author, then this can be okay–you will focus on just one book inside the collection (as long as they are separated as such.) It is up to you where you get this and how you read it. You may purchase it from the store, order it online, or read a digital copy of the book (if available.) When selecting a book, I encourage you to look back at the poems you have liked from our course thus far. Typically, on the Poetry Foundation website, at the bottom of each poem, they will cite where the poem is from and when it was published. Writing the Essay: In your essay, you will discuss and analyze the poet’s historical context, and you will conduct close readings of at least 3 poems from the book to provide textual examples of the poet’s use of form, themes, images, language, style, and other relevant points. I encourage you to make comparisons to other poems or poets when discussing the book as well as to draw on the criticism of scholarly work (just be sure to cite them all.) In your review, consider these questions: What is holding this book together? Are there certain themes that get repeated in the book? What is the form of the poems like? Are they all similar? Different? How so? Where does this poet fall in the timeline of poets we have looked at in this class? Are they working in the same tradition or with the same tendencies as others, or are they reacting against them? Try to relate their work to at least a few writers we have discussed. Lastly, what is the importance of this book? What is your final opinion of it? (be sure to back this up with examples.) Requirements: The essay should be a total of 5 full pages, double-spaced, in MLA format. Instructor will be grading the essays on the following criteria: Quality and complexity of analysis Synthesis and use of terms/ materials from this class in your discussion of the book you’ve chosen Clarity of writing (take time to proofread your essays; seek help from others, if needed) Follows appropriate MLA form and properly cites and uses sources without plagiarism (since all essays are automatically checked for plagiarism, be very careful to always cite your source when you use ideas that are not originally yours; III. Book Reviews In addition to reading the above poems, you should also spend this week working on your book review essays. It’s been said of certain books before (such as James Joyce’s Ulysses) that “you can’t it, you can only reread it.” This is true for reading a book of poems in preparation for writing a review of it. So give yourself plenty of time to spend on this. Writing a good book review is not easy. It requires you to look at the book micro- and macroscopically–to analyze the poems in detail but also to make comments about the book as a whole. Here are a few prewriting tips of things to do in preparation to writing your essay: Prewriting Read the book all the way through, taking quick notes and dog-earing or bookmarking favorite poems. It’s okay if, at first, you pick lots of favorites. You can narrow them down later. But try to pick out at least five that seem most interesting to you or exemplary of something you think is important about the book. After you’ve read it all the way through, jot down some first impressions: overall, how did you feel reading it? Is the book broken up into different parts? Are there different “moods” to the book? Read the book through again. In your notes, pay attention to recurring themes (do a lot of the poems have to do with a certain topic?), the form of the poems (do all the poems look different? the same?) Focus on the favorite poems you picked out. Ideally, for an essay this size, it’s best to whittle it down to using 3 poems, but that number is flexible. Reread and re-reread these poems closely, taking down notes. At this point, you’ll want to begin thinking about what it is you’d like to say about the book (your thesis) because the poems you choose to discuss in the essay should be examples to help you support this idea. Once you have taken detailed notes on the poems you’d like to discuss, you can begin drafting an outline or simply start writing–whichever method best works for you. Last, begin your draft. And don’t be afraid to change your ideas a bit as you read and think about the book some more. Writing As with the last essay, you have a good amount of freedom in terms of what you want to discuss, so long as you do so to an adequate depth and thoughtfulness. Here are some questions, though, to consider when thinking about the book you are reviewing. You could spend your whole essay discussing just one of these or you could possibly mix several together; it’s up to you and what you feel is important for a reader to know about the book. What themes are explored in the book, and how does the author address these? What form or forms do the poems come in? Does the writer use fixed forms, do they create their own, or are the poems mostly free verse? Are the poems mostly the same shape, with the same length in lines, number of stanzas, etc? What tradition is this poet a part of? Are they well known or less known? How has their work been received by others? When and where was this book published? Were there relevant historical events or conditions that affected the writing of this book? Are the poems similar at all to any other poets you know? Is this poet drastically different (but similar in some way) to any other poets you know? (In any of the ways mentioned above) Warnings: These are a few things to avoid doing in your essay Don’t over quote. It is great to include quotes of the poems in your essay, but you only need to quote what you actively reference and discuss in the essay. Also, in terms of page count, know that I will be aware of the use of over-quoting to simply reach the minimum page requirement; when evaluating essays I don’t count the quoted material into the page count. So if you have a five essay, but 1.5 pages are taken up quoting an entire poem, then that is actually more like a 3.5 page essay. Don’t over summarize. This is an honest and easy mistake to fall into. While some summarizing can be helpful so far as it helps you explain your bigger goals in the essay, it is not your job nor your focus to summarize the entire book in great detail. Keep general summaries of a poem to about 1-2 sentences. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t comment on and interpret the poems, but your focus shouldn’t be on simply reiterating the content of the poems. Expect that your reader can read it for his or herself. Don’t refer to authors by only their first names. Use full name or last name only. I know I’ve said this elsewhere, but it’s worth repeating as doing so in the future on any other literary analysis essay is a quick and easy flag of an amateur; and I don’t want any of you to be mistaken for amateurs! Don’t use past tense when talking about literary works, even if they were written in the past. This always takes a bit of adjusting to, but the standard for writing about works of literature is to use the “literary present.” So unless you are describing when the book was published (in that case, past tense is fine), always use present tense. For example, you could write: “In her poem, “Daddy” Sylvia Plath explores the complex and turbulent relationship of a daughter to her father.” However, you could remark that “the poem was published in xxxx.” —Here’s are instruction from the school—————— I will buy the e-book or Kindle that the book that you choose to do and I attached rubric for you. The poem style that we discussed in our class is Modernism, Harlem Renaissance & Beat Poetry, Narrative Approaches & The New Surrealisms, Identity Politics
& Poetics, Language, Conceptualism, Minimalism, & Other Oddities here are some style we discussed in our class. When you choice the book you should provide which part of the poem style that is the book usually talks about among the styles that I told. Before I hire you I need to get book confirm by my instroctor. And lastly, becareful about the warning from the instructor This essay will be complicated so I wants some one who have experienced about the poem book review.

Answer the questions listed below after reading Kevin Woo article on anxiety and pain at wound dressing change Answers must be provided using complete sentences, correct grammar, spelling, and in APA format. Last name_week 5 assignment (Doyle_week 5 Quantitative Critique) 1. What statistical test was used in the research study? 2. Was the statistical test used appropriate? Provide support for your answer. 3. Discuss the statistical significance of results. 4. Evaluate discussion of study limitations. 5. Evaluate the author’s discussion of the findings and relevance to clinical practice.

STEP 1 : I want to write about Metro AG Company in Japan, You will need to provide a market description of the relevant market conditions that Metro AG operates in. This might include
variables such as the prevailing economic
conditions, demand and supply factors, and You will be required to conduct research and collect
data from all three resources for the marketing plan:
(1) industry reports; (2) company reports; (3)
prescribed textbook.and also you need to Complete the “Detailed Report Template”.
Activity Details Amount
of Pages
(Approximately)
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction and background
to the company
Half a page executive summary
Introduction to the task, definition, purpose and value of a SWOT
analysis for organizations. Introduction to the company being analysed – including e.g.
RELEVANT history, current market, product lines etc.
First Page
(separate)
2 – 3
3. SWOT table On one page, present the SWOT analysis in a table format, making sure
to rank the elements in each of the SWOT dimensions.
1 – 2
4. Market description Discuss the consumer electronics market in your chosen country. – Market size, market
leaders, market concentration, distribution & industry growth etc. Discuss briefly.
2 – 3
5. Findings
a. Explanation of the
SWOT table
Students are required to provide an overview of their findings and
describe their approach and choice of ranking.
2 – 4
6. Recommendations:
a. Target market
b. New product
description
c. Customer value proposition
d. Justification of the choice of
new product using at least one
strategy
Identify and describe using segmenting variables, one target market being served by your
company.
Describe your new product designed for your identified target market. Include the relevant
marketing mix variables.
Explain the customer value provided by your new product.
Explain how their new product ‘fits’ with the SWOT analysis by
describing at least one strategy profile being addressed (e.g. S-O, W-O
etc.)
2 – 5
7. References list and
Appendices
Students are required to use the LTU Harvard Referencing style N/A
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Description of section 1 : Executive Summary should ONLY be half a page (200 – 250 words).
? To be presented AFTER your cover page on a separate page.
? This summary is an ‘overview’ of the WHOLE report – even though an executive summary comes first in your report, it is
generally completed LAST after you have completed your report.
? Incorporate ‘key points’ found throughout your report. The executive summary should also be structured and written up in the
same order as the report.
Description of section 2 : Your headings are as follows for this section: (1) Introduction; (2) Company Background.
? This section is primarily research based, you will need to find information from databases, company reports and websites.
? Your company background should include information on the history of the company, current market details / statistics of the
company, product lines and future direction (if possible, do not make assumptions for this section).
? Its highly advised for this section that you use sub-headings where appropriate.
Description of section 3 : Your headings are as follows: (1) SWOT Analysis.
? Design a SWOT table and include a ranking section for SW: (1) chance of future change; (2) ranking by importance. AND for
OT: (1) chance of future occurrence; (2) ranking by importance.
? The SWOT should not simply be listed, but also discussed per point made: SW relates to internal capabilities of the business,
and OT relates to the external environment that is affecting the business.
? Your SWOT needs to be backed up with research / references, making assumptions requires further justification.
Description of section 4 : Your headings are as follows: (1) Market Description; (2) Industry Analysis.
? You will need to research into the “Consumer Electronics” market based on the chosen country you select.
? Your industry analysis should simply be an overview of the industry that the company operates in, current market size, market
growth and trends.
? Using databases will yield the required details necessary to complete the ‘Market Description’ section.
? You will need to find out what competitors exists in the market place and outline the market share and threats they are toward
the company, this also includes the market concentration.
? You will also need to discuss the distribution channels that exist and type of segments / consumer segments that exist in the
market place.
? Using sub-headings for this section may be highly beneficial.

THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL IS ATTACHED HERE .
THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL . TITLE IS : ” OBESITY PROMOTION AND PREVENTION THROUGH PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND DIET EDUCATION ”
THIS CLINICAL GUIDELINE AS EDUCATIONAL TOOL WILL BE DIRECT TO THE PARENTS AND EDUCATORS IN SCHOOLS ( PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT AGES ) SO NEEDS TO INCLUDE: CAUSES , CONSEQUENCES ,RISK FACTORS AND RECOMMENDATION TO MAKE CHANGES IN LIFE STYLE ADOPTING HEALTHY HABITS .
Obesity: Promotion and Prevention Through Physical Exercise and Diet Education
Ana G Mendez University System
NURS SC & RESEARCH PROCESS
NURS 502
Prof: Juan Carlos Ramirez
Author: Enrique Funcia
April 2,2017
 
Table of Contents
Abstract 3
Introduction 4
Background Study 4
Problem Statement 5
Objectives of the study 5
Picot Question 5
Hypotheses 6
Literature Review 7
Study Significance 9
Action plan 9
Development of Clinical Guideline Plan 9
Body Mass Index to Determine Obesity 10
Engagement in Physical Activities 10
Enhanced School Based Physical Exercises 10
Diet Therapy 11
Wheeling Walks 11
Methodology 11
Defining the Purpose or Objectives of the Guideline 11
Establishment of a Relevant Clinical Question 12
School Based Education Program 12
Forming Community Groups 12
Review of Literature 12
Recommendations 13
Ethical Consideration 13
Recommendation 13
Conclusion 13
References 15
 
Abstract
In developed countries, obesity occurrence in children is rising. Childhood obesity and overweight has substantial psychological and physical health consequences.There has been concern on the rising numbers of obesity cases and overweight starting very early in life. Increased obesity worldwide has been linked with changes in patterns in feeding and also on physical activities (Hassapidou et al., 2015). Encouraging the young children on observing healthy diets and increased durations of physical exercise can be effective in reducing obesity in children. Young school going children however skip school to attend medical checkups therefore affecting the economic productivity. Overweight and obese young children are at danger of getting morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the research proposal is to develop a clinical educative guideline that would assist in promoting physical activities and diet in an effort to reducing obesity. The clinical guideline action plan shall however discuss various education strategies that could greatly help in treating obesity. The methodology will also include various steps as well as having a thorough search of literature from the medical databases such as the PubMed, APA and CINAHL. Effective recommendations will then be provided upon successful completion of the action plan.
Introduction
Background Study
In developed countries, obesity in childhood has reached epidemic levels(Lachat et al., 2013). However, obesity incidence in children is rising in developing countries as well. Additionally, childhood obesity and overweight has substantial psychological and physical health consequences.(Kanazawa, 2013). In United States, the incidence of obesity among the young generation or rather the children is increasing dramatically as well as the world at large(Patki et al., 2014). Nevertheless, other diseases related to increased weight cardiovascular, hypertension and diabetes have also been on the rise(Reinehr, 2014).
According toKobel et al (2017), obesity in childhood has been associated with cases of heart diseases and premature death among this population. However, the increased obesity worldwide has been linked with changes in patterns in feeding and also on physical activities. Khanal et al (2015) found that higher risks of obesity and overweight has been associated with fast foods and beverages that induces overweight. Additionally, unhealthy consumption patterns are more often combined to with little physical activities(Gebremichael & Chere, 2015).
There has been concern on the rising numbers of obesity cases and overweight starting very early in life(Lohse et al., 2017). However, development of effective interventions that check development of long term chronic diseases should be assessed thus reducing healthy problems in adulthood. Arguably, the development, survival and protection of children is critical to ensure healthy citizens in future. Improving economic development can only be realized if only children
optimum development is guaranteed(Collins & Fulton, 2015). Encouraging the young children on observing healthy diets and increased durations of physical exercise can be effective in reducing obesity in children(Lazorick et al., 2016).
Problem Statement
Obesity among the young children is an important public health concern. However, obesity in childhood have been associated with higher risks of developing cardiovascular diseases in adulthood and other chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. Arguably, obesity in children have been associated with negative impact on the economy as more funds are reserved to manage many conditions associated with increased obesity and overweight. Young school going children however skip school to attend medical checkups therefore affecting the economic productivity.
Objectives of the study
a. To develop an appropriate clinical guideline plan to help in treatment and prevention of obesity in community.
b. To evaluate the effectiveness of improved physical education on preventing obesity in children.
Picot Question
In children, does education on observing healthy diet and physical education help in reducing the occurrence of obesity?
Hypotheses
H1- There is significant correlation between physical education and observing healthy diets in preventing obesity in children.
H0- There is no correlation between healthy diets and physical education on preventing obesity in children.
Literature Review
According toVaida (2013), obesity was declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization in 2003 and with considerable health care concerns. In developing countries, obesity among the young children childhood has reached epidemic levels(Reinehr, 2014). In United States, approximately 24 % of children especially the school going population are overweight and a value of about 11% obese cases(Kanazawa, 2013). Arguably, nearly 75% of these children grow to become obesity in their adulthood. According to the survey by the Nutritional Examination Survey and National Health obesity and overweight prevalence among the youth is about 15% and the figure have tripled since 1970(Dudala et al., 2015). Nevertheless, the leading cause of death worldwide are non- communicable diseases.
Jones-Taylor (2015) found that overweight and obese young population are at danger of gettingmorbidities such as diabetes as well as cardiovascular diseases. However, obese children are at risk of developing obesity in adulthood. Obesity in children is an indication of metabolic diseases(Hassapidou et al., 2015). Such as diabetes. Additionally, obesity in children has been linked to premature deaths and cardiovascular diseases in old age(Guinhouya, 2012). Nevertheless, obesity in childhood has been found to cause considerable disabilities in adults. Additionally, obesity and overweight is strongly linked to many chronic diseases negative social development and lower esteem. The risks of slowed cognitive development in children are associated obesity cases.
Overweight and obesity definition has changed over time. Excess of body fats is used to describe overweight in human beings. However, Body Mass Index is mostly used in determining adiposity in adolescents and young children(BA et al., 2004). BMI values differs with gender and age.In pediatric population overweight is described on the Body Mass index (BMI)with the ones with a figure greater than 85th percentile and the ones with those with a figure greater than 95 defined as being obese(Dehghan et al., 2013). Assessments by the Centre for Diseases control and Prevention in the United States indicates that if the existing rates of obesity persists, one in every three newborns will develop diabetes.
Physical activities and proper nourishment in reducing diseases and deaths have from chronic diseases have been well-known. Approximately 300,000 to approximately 600,000 deaths cases annually associated to limited physical activities and poor diet and are also major causes of incapacities that including stroke and diabetes(Reilly, 2013). Inactivates and poor diet were responsible about 15% of deaths in United States(Gebremichael & Chere, 2015). In 2000, 23% of chronic deaths were reported to be associated with sedentary lifestyle. Healthy People 2010 found that nearly 705 of Americans do not consume sufficient fruits and approximately more than half of these individuals do not eat vegetables(Lachat et al., 2013). However, approximately 64% were found to consume a lot of saturated fat. Nevertheless, majority of subgroups in the population were considered to have too much fat in their diets with minimum incorporation of elements such as calcium and fruits.
Daily physical activities are critical for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Arguably, physically inactive individuals are more likely to develop coronary diseases than individuals who participate in consistent physical activities. However, individuals with other risks aspects of coronary disorders such as hypertension and obesity may benefit regular physical actions(Reilly, 2013). There are substantial economic burden that are associated to obesity, poor diet and physical in activities. However, these aspects are associated with stroke and cancer that involves consumption of considerable amount of domestic funds with loss of productivity, illness and cases of premature death. Vaida (2013) found that the cost of managing the patients with obesity were estimated to be around $ 100 billion in 2005. Additionally, obesity and poor physical activities accounted for approximately 9.4% of medical expenditures of 2005 in United States(Kanazawa, 2013). Youth and children spends most of their time in schools and therefore a need to have time for the physical education. In United States, Healthy people proposes increased number of hours for regular exercise(Yamaguchi & Mitsuishi, 2014).
According toBlanck & Collins (2013), there is a need to promote physical education in the communities and also in schools. However, interventions aimed at promoting healthy living in young children must start early. Nevertheless, there are higher risk factors that are found among the young people that is sometimes carried in their later life. Additionally, sustainable and effective programs of promoting good health combines both the physical activity and nutritional aspect.
Study Significance
The results that will be obtained in this research work will help in improving the public health sector and the community on appropriate measures that can be observed on ensuring a health population that will be productive in future. However, the research will help the health stake holders to avert the negative effects that results from poor lifestyles and thus able to enhance growth of economy as funds that would be used in managing obesity will be put into other positive use. These interventions will enhance productivity of school going children as will reduce cases of school absenteeism.
Action plan
Development of Clinical Guideline Plan
Incidences of obesity in the United States has been increasing at an alarming rate and thus has resulted to increased mortality and morbidity rates (Yamaguchi & Mitsuishi, 2014). Prevalence have been to both children and adults. It’s estimated that one in every three children is either obese or overweight (Lachat et al., 2013). As a result, there is great need to develop an educative intervention that would help in preventing and controlling the condition. The aim of the research proposal is to develop a clinical educative guideline that would assist in promoting physical activities and diet in an effort to reducing obesity. The guideline will involve various steps that help in reducing the risks of obesity.
Body Mass Index to Determine Obesity.
Excess weight is the leading cause of obesity and thus enhancing educational campaigns to lose weight would greatly reduce the risk of obesity. The educative guidelines will provide knowledge that can be used to measure the BMI of individuals to determine whether they are at a risk of getting obesity or not.
Engagement in Physical Activities.
The clinical guidelines will advocate for increased physical activities for all obese children. Studies have stated that engaging in a moderate exercises for 150 minutes per week or a vigorous physical activity for a period of 90minutes a week greatly reduces the body mass index (Gebremichael & Chere, 2015).
Enhanced School Based Physical Exercises
In schools, the guideline shall encourage the introduction of physical education lesson in that will require all the children to take part. Increased exercises promotes fitness and thus have been found to promote children’s cardiorespiratory and bone health and thus preventing them from getting other diseases related to obesity (Guinhouya, 2012). The guideline therefore will recommend physical activities as a treatment strategy of obesity. The researcher will also advocate for frequent use of pedometer to enhance physical activities
Diet Therapy
Obesity is a health condition highly contributed by sedentary lifestyle (Hassapidou et al., 2015). The researcher will advocate for proper selection of diet to prevent and treat obesity cases. Obese patients will be advised to take food with low fat contents and reduced calories. Consumption of food that would greatly reduce the calories and fats simultaneously will highly be advocated for by the researcher. The guideline will emphasize on the need to take whole grains, vegetables and fruits as the perfect diet.
Wheeling Walks
In order to cater for the elderly in promoting physical activities, the guidelines will necessitate the introduction of a wheeling walk for those with insufficient ability to walk due to low speed gait and reduce surface grip. Such efforts shall require the obese adults to at least have a 30 minutes moderate physical activity.
Methodology
Clinical guideline plan will however follow various steps for it to be appropriate and practical.
Defining the Purpose or Objectives of the Guideline.
This will be the first step towards the preparation of the action plan. The researchers will require to develop appropriate objectives that would provide positive results as far as prevention and treatment of obesity is concerned. Several reviews from journals and article will act as a guide to providing proper and achievable objectives.
Establishment of a Relevant Clinical Question
In this step, the researchers will greatly focus on the need to develop an educative action plan that would assist in managing incidences of obesity in adults and children. The question will also be addressing the entire society on the need to embrace such a program.
School Based Education Program
The educative program will be inclusive thus the researchers will also guide in the formulation of a physical education lesson in the surrounding schools to enable children to increase exercises while at school. The teachers in these schools will also play a big role in this step.
Forming Community Groups
Education programs shall be conducted in different localities in the society. The researchers will be focused in forming interested groups of obese patients both adults and children that will take part in the initial educational awareness meeting.
Review of Literature
For the researchers to obtain reliable and consistent information worth to prepare the educative clinical guideline, various searches shall be performed. A number of randomized control trials and systematic review articles will be searched from various medical data bases. Three databases will be utilized include, American Psychological Association, PubMed and CINAHL shall frequently be visited to search for relevant articles that promote for physical activities and proper diet in treatment of obesity. The Boolean operators and/ or will also be highly utilized to assist in obtaining the articles.
Recommendations
After a thorough review of the searched articles, proper recommendations will be made. The recommendations will need to be reliable and therefore researchers will clearly scrutinize the applicability of the selected articles.
Ethical Consideration
Any research which involves human participant’s increases concern on legal and social matters and thus the researcher will need to have an approval from the institute review board. In addition since it will be a clinical research, they will also need to enhance confidentiality of the guideline as per the rules in the HIPAA. The formulated guidelines will be stored electronically and thus a password will be required as this will improve the security of the plan.
Recommendation
Since determining of obesity or overweight among children might be a complex issue, its recommended that researchers may focus on future intervention plans such as customizing on lifestyle and environmental factors in order to be closer to the needs of community.
Conclusion
Obesity and overweight among children have significant effect on psychological health and physical appearance. Psychological disorders however, increasingly occurs in obese children. In addition, other risk factors such as digestive diseases and cardiovascular disorders are more likely to be inherent among young overweight children. To control this, increased physical activities and reduced over consumption of calories are likely to reduce obesity among children.
Moreover, effective strategies can be implemented to target physical activities, diet and built environment which can be well initiated at schools and in their homes.
References
BA, S., I, C., JC, S., & WPT, J. (2004). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity. Public Health Nutrition, 7(1a). doi:10.1079/phn2003585
Blanck, H. M., & Collins, J. (2013). CDC’s Winnable Battles: Improved Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Decreased Obesity. Childhood Obesity, 9(6), 469-471. doi:10.1089/chi.2013.9506
Collins, J. L., & Fulton, J. E. (2015). Taking Steps to a Healthier Nation: Increasing Physical Activity through Walking. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12(s1), S1-S2. doi:10.1123/jpah.2015-0309
Dehghan, M., Akhtar–Danesh, N., & Merchant, A. (2013). Childhood Obesity, Prevalence and Prevention. Childhood Obesity, 319-335. doi:10.1201/b16340-19
Dudala, S. R., Rao, A. R., Reddy, B. C., Patki, S. M., & Patki, M. B. (2015). Study of Television Viewing Habits and their effects among High School Children in Khammam Town. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 6(3), 226. doi:10.5958/0976-5506.2015.00171.0
Gebremichael, B., & Chere, A. (2015). Prevalence of Childhood Overweight and Obesity and its Determinant Factors Among Elementary School Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy, 05(04). doi:10.4172/2161-0509.s1-002
Guinhouya, B. C. (2012). Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 26(5), 438-447. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01269.x
Hassapidou, M., Daskalou, E., Tsofliou, F., Tziomalos, K., Paschaleri, A., Pagkalos, I., & Tzotzas, T. (2015). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Thessaloniki, Greece. HORMONES. doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1601
Jones-Taylor, M. (2015). Early Care and Education Settings Are Vital for Childhood Obesity Prevention. Childhood Obesity, 11(5), 489-490. doi:10.1089/chi.2015.0156
Kanazawa, S. (2013). Childhood intelligence and adult obesity. Obesity, 21(3), 434-440. doi:10.1002/oby.20018
Khanal, S., Welsby, D., Lloyd, B., Innes-Hughes, C., Lukeis, S., & Rissel, C. (2015). Effectiveness of a once per week delivery of a family-based childhood obesity intervention: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Pediatric Obesity, 11(6), 475-483. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12089
Kobel, S., Wartha, O., Wirt, T., Dreyhaupt, J., Lämmle, C., Friedemann, E., … Steinacker, J. M. (2017). Design, Implementation, and Study Protocol of a Kindergarten-Based Health Promotion Intervention. BioMed Research International, 2017, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2017/4347675
Lachat, C., Otchere, S., Roberfroid, D., Abdulai, A., Seret, F. M., Milesevic, J., … Kolsteren, P. (2013). Diet and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Policy Review. PLoS Medicine, 10(6), e1001465. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001465
Lazorick, S., Fang, X., & Crawford, Y. (2016). The MATCH Program: Long-Term Obesity Prevention Through a Middle School Based Intervention. Childhood Obesity, 12(2), 103-112. doi:10.1089/chi.2015.0073
Lohse, B., Krall, J. S., Psota, T., & Kris-Etherton, P. (2017). Impact of a Weight Management Intervention on Eating Competence. American Journal of Health Promotion, 089011711769220. doi:10.1177/0890117117692201
Patki, S. M., P, M., B, C. R., & K V, P. M. (2014). KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING DIETARY HABITS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KHAMMAM TOWN. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 3(13), 3468-3475. doi:10.14260/jemds/2014/2307
Reilly, J. J. (2013). Randomised controlled trial of a nursery and home based intervention for obesity prevention and cardiovascular risk factor reduction. http://isrctn.org/>. doi:10.1186/isrctn36363490
Reinehr, T. (2014). Cardiovascular Risk in Childhood Obesity. Morbid Obesity in Adolescents, 183-192. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0968-7_18
Vaida, D. N. (2013). Prevalence Of Obesity Among Children Studying In Government And Private Schools In District Anantnag Age Group (6-12 Years). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), 3(1), 04-11. doi:10.9790/3013-3130411
Yamaguchi, Y., & Mitsuishi, H. (2014). Computer-tailored interventions for promoting physical activity and healthy eating: A systematic review of the literature. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 3(5), 493-500. doi:10.7600/jpfsm.3.493

Module Code: ULMS766
Marketing Management
Resit Assignment 2016/17
Task:
‘Segmentation is at the heart of marketing strategy’. Explain the importance of market segmentation. Using a market of your choice (i.e. shampoo, cars, mobile phones) show how it may be segmented and examine the benefits of this approach.
You are required to produce an essay addressing the above question which should be no longer than 1500 words. Your essay should be supported by relevant theory. All sources referred to in the essay should be fully referenced. These sources MUST include at least 15 academic references (book chapters but please also try to include journal articles). Your essay is to be word processed using a 12 point font and one and half line spacing. Please use the Harvard system of referencing and pay attention to detail when citing references in the text and listing them correctly in a reference list at the end of your essay. The 1500 word limit does include in text references but it does not include the reference list.
The essay deadline is 12pm on Monday 7th August.
This coursework only requires a single submission via Turnitin on or before the stated deadline. Turnitin is a plagiarism and collusion detection system. To submit via Turnitin, go to the assessment area for the module on VITAL and you will find a link for the coursework. Click on View/Complete and then on the “submit” icon for the paper. You are then prompted to submit a title for the paper. Use the “browse” button to locate the file you want to submit. You will then be asked to confirm that you want to submit by clicking the “Yes, submit” button.
Assessment Criteria
For your guidance, the criteria against your coursework assessment will be assessed include:
Structure, style and presentation
Effective selection and organisation of information to answer the specific requirements of the task
Logical essay structure and coherent writing style
Appropriate presentation of references and any supporting company/industry documentation
Depth of understanding of issues related to the question
Appropriate application of relevant theories and concepts within the context of the requirements of the assessment
Essay content clearly and explicitly linked to the requirements of the task
Balance between description and critical analysis
Appropriate interpretation of literature gained through research and its application to the specific requirements of the essay
Critical evaluation of theories relating to the essay question
Quality of research and use of sources
Identification of relevant theories and concepts from the academic literature
Evidence of research relating to these relevant theories and concepts
Appropriate synthesis of a range of material that addresses the specific requirements of the essay question

Applied Project
Worth: 50%
Required:
Written Report for the applied project.
Include:
• Abstract (300 words, max 1 page)
• Introduction (1000 words approx.)
• Literature Review (2000 words approx.)
• Methodology (1500 words approx.)
• Findings (2500 words approx.)
• Discussion (2000 words approx.)
• Conclusions & Recommendations (1500)
• References
• Appendices
Note:
 Project to be ring bound, print pages on one side only
 Formatting: Times New Roman, font size 12, justified, 1.5 line spacing.
 Harvard Referencing to be used.
 Project10,000 to 12000 words, not including bibliography.
 Title page to include: Title of Project, Student Name, Student Number, Course Title, Supervisor name, Date (August, 2017)
• You must include a table of contents
• You must include a list of figures
• You must include a list of tables
• You must include a list of appendices (and obviously include them at the end)
• Include a list of abbreviations (at the start) if you use them in the document