reflection paper
Transgender Children & Youth-reflection paper
Human Development
Nature or nurture?
Continuous or stages?
Stability or change?
Physical
Language
Cognitive
Social/Emotional
Gender and Sexuality
DNA
Genes
(Image from publications.nigms.nih.gov)
Zygote
Embryo
Fetus
Alcohol
Tobacco
Other drugs – OTC, prescription, illegal
Radiation
Pollution
Infectious diseases
Reflexes
Temperament differences
Early recognition of mom
Preference for human faces
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyVLD0hl0XY
Rapid neural growth, then pruning
Motor development: gross and fine
(Image from urbanchildinstitute.org)
Crying and cooing
Babbling
Single words
Two-word telegraphic speech
Universal grammar
Language acquisition device (Noam Chomsky)
Critical period
Concrete Operational (7-11)
-Conservation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtLEWVu815o
-Theory of mind
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hLubgpY2_w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDJ0qJTLohM
Formal Operational (12+)
-Abstract logic
-Reasoning
Sensorimotor (0-2)
-Stranger anxiety
-Object permanence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVqJacvywAQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jW668F7HdA
Preoperational (2-6)
-Egocentric thinking
-Pretend play
(Image from teach.com)
Knowledge is socially transmitted (scaffolding, cooperative learning)
Zone of Proximal Development
Learning can lead to development
Harry Harlow
(Image from psychology.about.com)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O60TYAIgC4
John Bowlby:
Safe base
Stranger wariness and separation anxiety
Emotional referencing
Attachment Styles:
Secure
Insecure – Avoidant
Insecure – Anxious/ Ambivalent/Resistant
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QquZxJhuSg8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGRT6VjnTm8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rdrp-0GLzws
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSAPfiSw_Ic
Recognizing and regulating emotions
Developing empathy
Controlling impulses
Delaying gratification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QX_oy9614HQ
0-18 months Trust v. Mistrust
18 mths-3 yrs Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
3-5 years Initiative v. Guilt
5-12 years Industry v. Inferiority
Adolescence Identity v. Role Confusion
Young Adulthood Intimacy v. Isolation
Middle Adulthood Generativity v. Stagnation
Older Adulthood Ego Integrity v. Despair
Adolescence
The benefits and drawbacks of an underdeveloped prefrontal cortex
Early adulthood
Emerging adulthood
Middle adulthood
Social clock
Late adulthood
Crystallized versus fluid intelligence
Sex
XX or XY
Physical, behavioral differences
Gender
Gender identity
Gender roles
Gender expression
Sexual orientation
Gender identity – when it is not consistent with biological sex, a person may identify as transgender
Gender expression – may or may not be consistent with society’s gender roles or with one’s gender identity
Sexual orientation – gay, straight, bisexual; some research indicates that sexual orientation may be on a continuum and that it may be fluid, especially in women.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxzKlPVceWg
In The Life Media presents “Becoming Me”
Gender dysphoria is still in the DSM.
Puberty blockers? Have to be started in childhood. Fully reversible. Won’t work if taken later.
Zucker, in Atlantic Monthly article “A Boy’s Life,” counsels kids to be comfortable in own skin, but many of his “cured” kids are quite troubled.
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