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Your consulting firm has been hired to assist an organization’s leadership team to more effectively use power and influence in a positive and ethical manner.  Through a PowerPoint presentation, describe the model of power and influence and propose influence tactics to increase the organization’s effectiveness while remaining honest and ethical. 

ATTENTION!!   THIS IS A TEAM ASSIGNMENT!!  MY PORTION IS THE ANALYSIS      PART!!
PLEASE  CONCENTRATE ON THE  ANALYSIS PORTION THAT  I HAVE TO SUBMIT TO THE OTHER TEAM MEMBERS.  THANK YOU 
Team Assignment
Assignment 1: Team PowerPoint Assignment
Scenario: Your consulting firm has been hired to assist an organization’s leadership team to more effectively use power and influence in a positive and ethical manner.
Through a PowerPoint presentation, describe the model of power and influence and propose influence tactics to increase the organization’s effectiveness while remaining honest and ethical. 
Assume this presentation is being made to the executive team of the organization.
Develop a slide presentation that includes the following:

  • Title slide – Remember that this is being presented to the executive team.
  • Introduction – Be sure to introduce the reason you are discussing power and influence and why you will propose honest and ethical tactics to help them more effectively use power and influence.
  • Content – Provide a background to ensure a common understanding.
    • Present a model of power and influence as shown in Figure 8-1.
    • Provide an overview of essentially ethical and honest influence tactics as outlined in the text and in Table 8-1.
  • Analysis – Assume the leaders of the organization took the self-assessment quiz 8-1 and you have determined the results.
    • As a team, you may determine what the top 3 strengths are of the leadership team as well as the top 3 opportunities.
    • Share those results in your presentation as it will be a foundation for your recommendations.
  • Recommendations – Propose influence tactics to increase the organization’s effectiveness while remaining honest and ethical.
    • Ensure the recommendations are connected to the results of your analysis.
    • Include ideas to train, practice, and measure the necessary behaviors to become skills at the targeted tactics
  • Conclusion – Close with a call to action that seeks sponsorship and support for this initiative.

Provide Detailed Notes – The detail of what would be your verbal presentation must be represented in the notes section of each slide.

  • Demonstrate mastery of the topics.
  • Inform and persuade your audience of your choices.
  • While “Content” points may be earned through the individual slides, the use of research will be demonstrated through the notes.
  • “Analysis” points will mostly be earned through the notes of each slide.
  • Include citations, as needed.
  • References – any references used may be placed in the notes section of the concluding slide as it is not necessary for the audience to see
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Housekeeping and Facilities Management-Which employees would be hired prior to the opening of a new hotel property?

Study Guide questions
HOSP 372- Housekeeping and Facilities Management
Exam 1 Review Questions
Instructions: Exam One will cover concepts from chapters 1-3, and 9. Use this review guide to help study for the exam. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which employees would be hired prior to the opening of a new hotel property?
2. What is the significance of knowing who reports to whom in a hotel?
3. Describe some early priority activities that would be the responsibility of an executive housekeeper.
4. Define a division of work document. How is this document utilized in a hotel?
5. Define an Area Responsibility Plan. Why is this document important?
6. Identify the importance of an executive housekeeper taking continuous property tours.
7. Why is it important for a hotel and each department to develop an organizational chart?
8. Define a house breakout plan. What is the importance of this document?
9. How are criteria workloads determined for guest room attendants?
10. Describe the point system some hotels utilize to determine criteria workloads.
11. What is a room section?
12. What is a house division?
13. What is the responsibility of a senior GRA or supervisor?
14. How would staffing consideration be different in a union environment?
15. Explain the team concept of staffing in housekeeping.
16. What is a swing team? How does one determine the total number of employees needed to be staffed for five consecutive days (in order to avoid overtime).
17. What is a staffing guide and how is it useful to an executive housekeeper?
18. What is a table of personnel requirement? How is it useful to an executive housekeeper?
19. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of team scheduling and staffing.
20. Describe the difference between team scheduling and team cleaning.
21. What is a standing rotational schedule?
22. Explain the work calendar for our model hotel. What must be done before a standing rotational system and tight scheduling system can be initiated?
23. Describe how the work week one schedule was developed. What is the difference between how team positions and fixed positions are scheduled?
24. What are the key fixed positions management titles?
25. Describe how workweeks 2 thru 7 are developed.
26. What is a tight scheduling system?
27. Describe the process for developing a tight schedule.
28. Describe issues that might arise with equipment use and the tight scheduling system. How can these issues be resolved or avoided?
29. Which employees’ responsibility is it to designated employee days off on a tight schedule?
30. How can we ensure that each employee works a fair amount of hours each workweek?
31. What is the night clerk’s report? Define the symbols that are utilized to distinguish a room’s status.
32. Define a pick-up room.
33. Define an open section in reference to developing a GRA’s daily schedule.
34. Be familiar with the procedures involved with opening the house.
35. What is the purpose of a standard operating procedure?
“Good results without planning is good luck, NOT good management.”

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TEMID RETAILERS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-Company Overview

Powerpoint

Running Head: TEMID RETAILERS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1
TEMID RETAILERS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2

Temid Retailers Financial Statements
PART ONE
–Temid retailers are one of the biggest retail company located in the United States. The company has more than 45 branches in the United States where it has an established market for its products. The company has been in the industry for more than 25 years now, and it has been able to strive in the industry because of its strategic plan that it has implemented to help it establish itself in the retail industry. The company like earlier said has more than 45 branches in the United States and it has continued to accrue popularity in the country and the world over. The organization has more than 780 employees who work for the company in its four branches in America (Williams, & Connell, 2010). For the past few years, the company has been earning profit year in year out. Temid retailers are based locally and have no foreign subsidiaries in the world or rather in the other nations. The company has been making more than $45 billion which is the highest in the company history. The company has faced challenges and competitions from other retailers in America including the giant retailer Wal-Mart among other companies. The company has been buying goods from other manufacturers, and it has been able to maintain its place in the retail industry because of its strategic plan which has witnessed the company add value to the products it sells to the people (Agrawal, & Smith, 2015). Other competitors include Home Depot and the Costco. Based on the company profit or rather a revenue, the company is one of the leading retailers in America, and it has been in operation for more than 24 years in the retail industry in the country.
Company Budgeted Financial Statement
Company balance sheet
The company has been in operation in the industry for more than 24 years, and it has been able to gain its current position in the industry because of its strategic plans. A balance sheet is also known as the financial position statement. A balance sheet is made of three parts, the assets, liabilities, and the owners’ equity. Assets are tangible properties that are used to make the business possible. Liabilities are the bills that the business accrues during operations while equity can be described as what the business is worthy (Adrian et al. 2010). A balance sheet can be used to indicate the progress of the business early enough so that appropriate actions can be taken to make amends. It is recommended that company owners examine the balance sheet from time to time to ensure that the business is fine financially. A balance sheet shows the financial ratio of assets and liabilities information that is very important as far as understanding the financial health is concerned. Balance sheets are also important to the potential shareholders as it indicates the growth of the company and owners to attract more investors can, therefore, use it. It helps them to understand where they are investing their money and what they expect to earn on their investments in future.
Temid Retailers Balance Sheet As At 09/01/2018

Current Period Prior Period Increase (Decrease)
09/01/17 to 09/01/18 09/01/16 to 09/01/17 09/01/17 to 09/01/18
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash  $ 13,345.00 $ 11,368.00 $ 1,977.00
Petty Cash  123.00 120.00 3.00
Accounts Receivables  4,015.00 4,000.00 15.00
Inventory  10,887.00 11,000.00 (887.00)
Prepaid Expenses  1,198.00 1,100.00 (98.00)
Employee Advances  90.00 – 90.00
Temporary Investments  – – –
Total Current Assets 29,658.00 27,588.00 1,995.00
 
Fixed Assets:
Land  110,000.00 110,000.00 –
Buildings  34,235.00 34,235.00 –
Furniture and Equipment  29,000.00 28,000.00 (1,000.00)
Computer Equipment  3,300.00 3200.00 –
Vehicles  42,500.00 42,500.00 –
Less: Accumulated Depreciation  (31,183.00) (30, 183.00) 1,000.00
Total Fixed Assets 187,852.00 186,752.00 1,100.00
 
Other Assets:
Trademarks  3,400.00 3,400.00 –
Security Deposits  1,100.00 1,100.00 –
Other Assets  300.00 400.00 (100.00)
Total Other Assets 4800.00 4900.00 (100.00)
 
TOTAL ASSETS $ 192,652.00 $ 196,552.00 $ 3,900.00
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable  15,000.00 14,900.00 100.00
Business Credit Cards  5,000.00 4,000.00 1,000.00
Sales Tax Payable  2,050.00 2,000.00 50.00
Payroll Liabilities  2,300.00 2,500.00 (200.00)
Other Liabilities  700.00 1,000.00 (300.00)
Current Portion of Long-Term Debt  11,000.00 11,000.00 –
Total Current Liabilities 36,050.00 35,400.00 650.00
 
Long-Term Liabilities:
Notes Payable  20,000.00 20, 000.00 –
Mortgage Payable  142,000.00 141,000.00 1,000.00
Less: Current portion of Long-term debt  (200.00) (200.00) –
Total Long-Term Liabilities 162,000.00 161,000.00 1,000.00
EQUITY
Capital Stock/Partner’s Equity  140,000.00 140,000.00 –
Opening Retained Earnings  65,500.00 59,500.00 (6,000.00)
Dividends Paid/Owner’s Draw  (3,000.00) (3,000.00) –
Net Income (Loss)  8,000.00 9,000.00 (1000.00)
Total Equity 210,500.00 205, 500.00 (5,000.00)

Significance of a Balance Sheet
The question of the importance of a balance sheet has lingered in the minds of several business owners. From the analysis and literature, a balance sheet is a very important document in the life of business owners and accountants because it provides the easiest way to understand the company financial health at any given time. A balance sheet can be used to indicate the progress of the business early enough so that appropriate actions can be taken to make amends. It is recommended that company owners examine the balance sheet from time to time to ensure that the business is fine financially (Adrian et al. 2010). A balance sheet shows the financial ratio of assets and liabilities information that is very important as far as understanding the financial health is concerned. Balance sheets are also important to the potential shareholders as it indicates the growth of the company and owners to attract more investors can, therefore, use it. It helps them to understand where they are investing their money and what they expect to earn on their investments in future. Apart from the balance sheet is important to investors, it has been used by creditors and other financial institutions to measure the financial capabilities of the company to gauge the amount the company can comfortably pay as a loan.
Income Statement
Among the major financial statements in any given company is the income statement apart from the balance sheet and the cash flow and the statement of shareholders equity. In most cases, the income statement is referred as profit and loss statement and as a statement of income. It should be noted that income statement indicates revenues, expenses, gains, and losses as far as the business operation are concerned (Drehmann, & Tarashev, 2011). However, it does not show cash receipts and cash disbursements. The income statement is important as most of the investors pay attention to the profitability of any organization and one of the documents that can be used to indicate this is the income statement. Bankers and creditors are always worried about the income statement as net loss demonstrates that the company is not able to work effectively and make returns on investments.
Temid Retailers Income Statement for Period Ending 09/01/18

Income Statement:
Revenue 29,658.00
Cost of Goods Sold 17,900.00
Gross Profit 11758.00
Operating Expenses:
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses) 3,720
Other Operating Expense 200
Operating Income 9,540
Non-Operating Income Expense 21
Interest Expense 400
Unusual Expense –
Pretax Income 8,300
Income Taxes 1,500
Equity In Earnings Of All Affiliates Income 120
Other After Tax Adjustments –
Consolidated Net Income 3,700
Minority Interest Expense –
Net Income Continuing Operations 3,700
Preferred Dividends –
Net Income Available to Common Basic Shares 3,700
Earnings Information:
EPS Diluted Before Unusual Expense 0.67
EPS Basic Before Extraordinariness 1.21
EPS Fully Diluted 0.98

Significance of Income Statement
Income statements are very important as analysts use them to calculate financial ratios such as return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), gross profit, operating profit, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), and earnings before interest taxes and amortization (EBITDA) (Drehmann, & Tarashev, 2011). It is also important as it is used to determine company sales and auditors can use the information to determine major expenses in the organization. Professionals also use the income statement to compare year-over-year (YOY) and quarter-over-quarter (QOQ) performance.
PART TWO
Based on your research Identify the key elements of your company where you would like to evaluate and measure performance.
From the above analysis, it is very clear that the company financial statements have had issues in the past. It is very clear that the selling and general expenses are too high and are eating into the company revenues. It is therefore important to evaluate and measure this element to determine its performance. Evaluating and measuring this element will make it possible for the company management to come up with strategies that the company can implement to reduce the expenses and add on the company profitability. Another element that must be evaluated and measured to determine its performance is the operating income expenses (Said & Tumin, 2011). The figure is too high, and it must be evaluated to determine reasons as to why it is that high in the first place. Having a high figure as income expenses is not a good indicator of the company financial health, and it may result to increase in the net loss hence eat into the company revenue. Another key element in the company that needs to be evaluated and measured to determine its performance is the interest income. Interest income is a key element of the financial statement that must be monitored by the company. The three key elements must be evaluated and measured to come up with different strategies that can be implemented by the company to increase the profitability of the company. Evaluating and measuring the above-identified elements of the balance sheet and income statement is important as it provides a clear picture on how the organization is performing regarding finance and can be used to provide insight on how it can be improved in the short-term.
Create a computer-based analysis. For example, if you select a hospital you may want to know the average cost per patient per day or what is your return on investment.
It may prove to be difficult to monitor the number of goods sold in a single day in a big retail shop like Temid Retailers. However, with a best-developed computer-based analysis system, this may be very simple (Said & Tumin, 2011). Computer-based inventory is one of the analysis systems that can be used by the Retailer in this case to analyze the sales per day. A system where all the goods are entered into the inventory and the system detects the number of products that have been sold and tally them automatically against each product price and at the end of the day provide a print out of all the branch sales is the best system that can be used to analyze stock turnover and sales at the company. The system will be able to subtract buying price from the selling price and provide gross profit at the end of each day which can be used to estimate the return on investment in the company every day depending on the sales and expenses.
Discuss how the analysis you created will improve the performance of the company you have selected.
For a long time now with the recent developments in technology, business has derived accounting system that is based on technology which has helped them meet the required accounting standards. Technology has been important to the business accounting departments as the automated system has helped accountants too identify errors in the financial statements and correct them with a lot of ease before presenting the statements to the managers and the board of directors for analysis. The three key elements must be evaluated and measured to come up with different strategies that can be implemented by the company to increase the profitability of the company (Said & Tumin, 2011). Evaluating and measuring the above-identified elements of the balance sheet and income statement is important as it provides a clear picture on how the organization is performing regarding finance and can be used to provide insight on how it can be improved with time. A system that can be used to analyze financial statements like the one at hand is imperative to any business organization as it will rule out any possibility of fraud in the finance department and will also improve on the reliability of the financial statements in the short-term. With the aid of the internal control measures, the developed system will help to identify some discrepancies in the financial system and allow for their correction before using the data entries to prepare final statements.
Discuss internal controls that need to be put in place to ensure proper financial reporting.
Most companies come up with policies and procedures that they use to ensure that the financial statements made are reliable and valid. This policies and procedures are what is known as the internal controls (Said & Tumin, 2011). It is important for any company to have a genuine financial report as it is based on this that managers and decision-makers derive their decisions from. From the analysis of the company, it is important that the company implement the following measures to ensure proper reporting.

Separation of Duties

Separating the duties of each employee is important as it will allow splitting of tasks such as bookkeeping, deposits, auditing and reporting to be done separately (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010). The more the duties are separated, the fewer chances of employees committing fraud in the company. Separation of duties is recommended at the company to promote reliable and valid financial reporting.

Access Controls

Limiting the number of employees who have access to the accounting system is also one of the ways that the company can use as part of its internal control measures (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010). Controlling the accounting systems using passwords, lockouts and electronic logs is important as it will safeguard the system and avoid any form of manipulation of the system by employees. The company can also achieve this by using robust access and tracking system to deter any employee from interfering with the system.

Physical Audits

Several companies that have had problems with their accounting systems have always used physical auditing system to verify their financial reports. Physical auditing involves counting the money physically and other assets that are tracked in inventories, materials, and tools (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010). Physical counting is the important measure as it can be used to reveal some of the discrepancies in the accounting systems of any company as this can be done without using electronic records. Audits include hand-counting cash and any physical assets tracked in the accounting system, such as inventory, materials, and tools. Counting cash in sales outlets can be done daily or even several times per day.

Documentation

Documenting all financial documents in the company is another mean through which Temid Company can use to mange financial reporting internally? Documents such as invoices, internal materials requests, inventory receipts and travel expense reports, are important should be documented properly to avoid any form of incontinences when they are needed for accounting purposes (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010). Lack of proper documentation system can result in useful documents being overlooked or even mishandled.

Trial Balances

For many years now, most of the accountants have used the trial balance to add reliability to their financial reporting and create confidence in their accounting systems. Using the double-entry process in accounting is important as it ensures that all the books are balanced. A trial balance is also important as it can be used to identify errors in the working before they are posted finally. Maintaining a weekly or daily trial balance is important as it brings insight of the company financial documents (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010). This makes it easy and possible to discover discrepancies and correct them accordingly.

Reconciliations

Timely accounting reconciliation is another system that can be used to control financial reporting in organizations internally. Reconciliation of accounts is important as it allows the accountant to identify any discrepancies in the accounts and correct them early before using the entries. The company can reconcile the accounts by comparing them with the suppliers, and credit customers (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010). This can also be done by reconciling the accounts with the bank statements. Differences between these types of complementary accounts can reveal errors or discrepancies in your accounts, or the errors may invent with the other entities.

Approval Authority

Temid Retailers can also increase the reliability of its accounting statements by having particular company management to sign and approve company transactions on behalf of the company. This will allow scrutiny and evaluation of all transaction documents before they are documented for further use (Altamuro & Beatty, 2010). Requiring approval for large payments and expenses can prevent unscrupulous employees from making large mismanaged transactions with company funds, for example.
Conclusion
Financial statements are the major documents in the company that should be given the utmost priority when it comes to business documentation. A balance sheet is important in the organization as it can be used to determine the net worth of the business and create a clear picture of whether the business is growing of it is at a standstill or even making losses. It is also important as it provides the owner’s equity. The income statement is also important as it can be used to compute return on investments and return on assets, gross profit, operating profit, earnings before interest and taxes, and earnings before interest taxes and amortization. With recent trends in technology, companies can determine their daily sales and gross profits by the use of computer-based analysis systems and make the accounting work ease. It is also important to implement internal control measures to guarantee the reliability of financial statements.
References
Adrian, T., Moench, E., & Shin, H. S. (2010). Financial intermediation, asset prices, and macroeconomic dynamics.
Agrawal, N., & Smith, S. A. (Eds.). (2015). Retail supply chain management: quantitative models and empirical studies (Vol. 223). Springer.
Altamuro, J., & Beatty, A. (2010). How does internal control regulation affect financial reporting?. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 49(1), 58-74.
Drehmann, M., & Tarashev, N. A. (2011). Systemic importance: some simple indicators.
Said, R. M., & Tumin, M. H. (2011). Performance and financial ratios of commercial banks in Malaysia and China. International Review of Business Research Papers, 7(2), 157-169.
Williams, C. L., & Connell, C. (2010). “Looking good and sounding right” aesthetic labor and social inequality in the retail industry. Work and Occupations, 37(3), 349-377.

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Based on your research, discuss legislation (pay special attention to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) and other requirements associated with management's role in providing accurate information on internal controls and financial reporting. Do you agree or disagree with these regulations regarding management's role in financial reporting and internal controls, why or why not?

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HIST 125

HIST 125/                   Citation Guide
 
You are required to use this guide and the formats in it for every course assignment.
 
The function of citations is to show your readers that not only have you done your homework and know what you are talking about, but that you have given credit where credit is due. As with any laboratory experiment you might seek to replicate, so it is with social science and humanities research: people who read your research need to know how you arrived at your results. You may think that your citations and bibliography will not be important but they are two of the primary ways I check your work. So sloppy or poor documentation will get my attention, and not in a good way.
 
For various assignments in this course you will be working with a variety of sources: the textbook, historical documents (themselves quite varied) and essays by historians on various topics. In some cases you will make use of online sources we have been working with in class, such as entries from American National Biography Online or other web sources. It is crucial that you indicate where your information comes from and that you do it in a specific, consistent manner.
 
 
Academic dishonesty is defined as those actions by which a student fulfills her obligation to an assignment by unethical or prohibited means such as, but not limited to, cheating on a test or
consulting with others about how to answer questions on a take-home exam. Plagiarism is a form
of academic dishonesty which involves the presentation, willful or unwitting, of someone else’s
work as one’s own. This includes the use of direct quotations and paraphrases, as well as
excessive borrowing of the organizational pattern of a given source. Such sources include, but are not limited to, visual and printed materials, manuscripts, other students’ work, and classroom
lectures.
 
Avoiding academic dishonesty and plagiarism is a learning process for all scholars and this should be taken into consideration when dealing with violations. In the case of minor or first offenses, an informal resolution may be warranted. In which, the faculty member would resolve the matter directly with the student. In the case of serious or repeated offenses, or if an informal resolution was unacceptable to either of the parties involved, then the procedures for reporting academic violations will be followed. These are found in Section B of the “Bluebook,” which describes the judicial system.
 
Citation format:
 
There are two ways scholars use information in their research – by quoting directly from material or by paraphrasing it – putting another scholar’s information into their own words.  Paraphrases, while not direct quotes, are still coming from a source and so credit must be given to that source. Beware, paraphrases that sound just like the direct quote (you changed a word here or there) are direct quotes. Do not try to pass one off as the other; that too is academically dishonest.
 
Unless otherwise indicated, for course assignments, instead of using footnotes at the bottom of the page, use the following format for citing your sources:
 
Paged material: Books, journal articles (both print and electronic):
 
Direct quotation:
 
“As many middle-class women acquired leisure time and enhanced purchasing power, they also won new freedoms” (Nash p. 539).
 
Notice the brevity of this citation. When you cite the Nash text, for example, do not cite the full name of the author and the title of his book every time you use that source. Use the short method given above.
 
Handouts:  For handouts a page long, you do not need to give the page number. But if it is more than one page, you need to cite the page number. Handouts downloaded and printed from the course’s Canvas page, or from a pdf. file usually provide page numbers, and if they don’t, you can count:
 
“The United States is the world’s best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and endanger her very existence” (Lodge, p. 1)
 
This tells me that you are citing the handout titled Henry Cabot Lodge, “Against the League of Nations.”
 
Web pages: Use your common sense to cite such sources by author, and short title if necessary.
 
For example:
 
“While other northerners retreated from Reconstruction, Nast reaffirmed the necessity of federal intervention to stop white supremacist terrorism in the South” (Simpson, ANBO).
 
This tells me you are citing from the American National Biography Online entry on Thomas Nast, written by Brooks Simpson.
 
Use the same format when paraphrasing material from any source you use.
 
When in doubt, keep in mind that the goal is for the professor to be able to easily find from the information you furnish where exactly this information came from. This is work you are expected to do; if you make the professor do it (i.e. make her go hunt down your sources due to your lack of an accurate bibliography), she will give herself that part of your grade.
 
You may find that you are using a single source to write a specific paragraph. In that case, you do not need to cite this source after every sentence; you can cite the source at the end of the place in the paragraph where you last use information from that source. This cuts down on having to put a citation at the end of every sentence while still indicating accurately where your information is coming from.
 
Do not use “blanket citations” i.e. pp. 114-137, or Chapter 8, etc. Each paragraph should indicate precisely where the information in that paragraph came from.
 
Bibliography Format
Your bibliography comes at the end of your paper, on a separate page with entries listed in alphabetical order by author, or if no author is given, then by title.
 
If an assignment requires a bibliography page, you are required to use the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) format.

The CMOS website features a “Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations” page:

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html
 
Easy Bib also has a “Citation Basics” for using CMOS:
http://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/chicago-turabian/
 
And always feel free to e-mail or ask me in person about any of these formats.
 
Below are some examples of bibliographic formats for various kinds of sources you may use in course assignments:
 
The course texts:
 
Nash, Gary B. and Julie Roy Jeffrey, et al. The American People: Creating a Nation and a
Society, Volume II, From 1865, Concise Eighth Edition, 2017.
Binder, Frederick and David Reimers. The Way We Lived: Essays and Documents in American
Social History. Seventh Edition. 2008.
 
ANB Online entry:
 
Simpson, Brooks D. “Thomas Nast.” American National Biography Online Feb. 2000.
http://www.anb.org/articles/17/17-00616.html. Accessed Jan 20, 2014.
 
Course handouts:
 
Some of these will provide more information than others about who wrote it and where it came from:
 
Lodge, Henry Cabot. “Against the League of Nations” 1919.             http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/lodge_leagueofnations.htm

Others will not:
Labor History Timeline, course handout.
 
Article in a print journal:
 
Perry, Elisabeth. “Cleaning Up the Dance Halls,” History Today. Vol. 39 Issue 10,                                     (October 1989): 20-26.

 
Print journal from an online source:
 

Perry, Elisabeth. “Cleaning Up the Dance Halls,” History Today. Vol. 39 Issue 10,                                     (October 1989): 20-26. Academic Search Complete.

 
 
 
 
Website
 
Hine, Lewis. “Child Labor in America 1908-1912: Photographs of Lewis W. Hine.” The History   Place. 1998-2010. http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/about.htm
 
Specific documents on websites may also need documentation. For example, if you are discussing a particular photograph by Lewis Hine from the above website, you should cite it:
 
Hine, Lewis.  Furman Owens. Photograph. “Child Labor in America 1908-1912: Photographs of Lewis W. Hine.” The History Place. 1998-2010.           http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/hine-furman.htm
 
Websites may have subtitles so include them as well. Always check your links to make sure they go to the specific page where the information or image you are citing can be found. Be careful, posting the home page URL of a site that contains lots of documents is not sufficient. The URL must go to the page where the document or source being cited can be found.
 
If you are having trouble accessing a link that worked just fine an hour ago, try using the Wayback Machine housed at the Internet Archive.  This organization takes regular snapshots of all the sites on the web. If you know the URL, many times you can find the site using their search engine, especially if you could access the site earlier.
 
Try it and see:  https://archive.org/web/
Writing Essay Exams
 
Open-book, take-home essays provide a lot of room for students to make the most use of the material and allow sufficient time to write an effective, thoughtful answer to the essay question.  This essay should be typed, double-spaced and not more than five pages in length. There is also a minimum requirement of three pages to get a passing grade on this assignment. I prefer the Times New Roman font and require it to be in 12 point type with not more than one inch margins. Enlarging the type from 12 to 14 is not an acceptable way to meet this requirement.
 
You have spent time reading and discussing the assigned texts, documents, handouts; now it is time to apply what you have learned. The goal here is to show me how well you know the material and can use it in ways that give evidence you have mastered it. You should make use of the class texts as well as material from relevant handouts that are assigned reading in answering the essay question.
 
Things to check before you write and before you turn in your paper:
 
You may not include any additional material or sources outside of what has been assigned in the syllabus (such as other printed or online material) unless you consult the instructor beforehand. The idea here is to see how well you have mastered the material we have been reading and discussing in the class, in particular your ability to make effective use of the primary source documents, and historians’ essays about the period under study.  Substituting discussion of other material in place of analyzing the assigned material will result in a substantial reduction in your grade and possibly get you an F on the assignment.
 
Pay attention to the wording of the questions. Be sure you cover all that is being asked. These questions are keyed to the readings, particularly the essays and historical documents you have read.
 
Students who write their essay largely from the textbook (the Nash text) and make little or no use of other relevant sources will not receive a passing grade.
 
Also be sure to work within the page limits given – papers that do not meet the minimum requirement will not receive a passing grade.  Papers that go substantially over the page limit will also lose points. A paragraph over the page limit is not a problem, two pages over that limit is.
 
Your essay should:
-Have a title that reflects the content of your answer. The less mechanical the better. In other
words, try to avoid a title that quotes back to me something from my own essay question.
Reading that several times over gets pretty dull. You don’t need a title page either.
-Make use of a variety of sources drawn from the assigned readings
-Use appropriate evidence and analysis
-Begin with an introductory paragraph(s) that shows clearly which question you are answering
and how you intend to answer it
-End with a concluding paragraph that ties your points together
Your essay should be written in formal language and employ formal standards of usage. This means no contractions, abbreviations, no lists, no outlines, also no triple spacing between paragraphs, etc. Paragraphs should be indented. You should avoid writing in the first person and be consistent in your verb tenses (past tense is best for writing about the past).
 
You may not consult with one another on your essays, however you may make use of someone at the Academic Support Center to proof your draft for grammar, style, and punctuation. The content and organization must be your own.
 
As you have the texts and any notes you have taken in front of you, you may be wondering what exactly I will be grading you on. Some of the things I look for in an essay is your ability to
 
-identify and make effective use of readings relevant to the question being answered
-show an awareness of historical context – of showing who, when where the persons,
events or material you are discussing took place.
–write about the material in your own words, not the words of the authors
–use multiple authors in discussing the same topic; this shows me you are not dependent
on one author, that you know the material thoroughly, and avoids the temptation to simply paraphrase a single author
–know the difference between quoting and paraphrasing material
–quote judiciously, especially from primary sources
–integrate quotations into your text; to introduce them and make them grammatically
correct.
–analyze material you have read
–formulate an answer, organize it in a logical sequence, and provide specific examples
and evidence drawn from the texts and handouts to support your points
 
Essays that fail to make use of the assigned documents in the syllabus will not get a very high grade as this is what I most look for: your ability to make use of the class readings that present the historical record, to quote it, paraphrase it, and analyze it.
 
You are required to use the citation guide posted on this course’s Canvas page. Essays that fail to document their sources will receive zero credit. Partial or poor documentation will also lose you points.
 
Things to Avoid:
 
Many students make the mistake of thinking that if they mention a document in passing in their essay they have taken care of discussing and analyzing it. For example:
 
“In Roosevelt’s inaugural address, he assured the American people that the Depression was not their fault and now must fight to bring about changes. He outlined the ideas he had, to present a ‘line of attack.’”
 
This is what I call mentioning a document. This shows some knowledge of its content, but the writer does not go on to tell us in what specific ways Franklin Roosevelt’s Inaugural address reassured Americans. Nor does the writer go on to inform us what ideas FDR actually outlined for his “line of attack.” Hence, I would give a much lower grade for this minimal demonstration of knowledge than if a student could quote examples from the document itself to illustrate their points.
 
A particular challenge in writing this sort of essay is resisting the temptation to simply copy out sections of the text, paraphrasing as you go, documenting the source, etc. This is not going to get you much credit as you are basically having the author of the text write the essay for you. If I see long sections with sequential pages cited and consultation of the text indicates you are copying out whole sections, it will result in a substantial lowering of your grade. You must also resist the temptation to string a series of direct quotations together, drawn from different sources, even thought well-documented. Such a cut-and-paste method shows me you can cut and paste, but not that you really know the material well enough to analyze and discuss it in your own words, and will also not get you a very good grade.
 

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Assignment 2: Case Study—Jobs that Literally Make People Sick:What would be the consequences to an employer of having highly demanding jobs with low security, unfair pay, and little control? Explain and justify your answer.

Assignment 2: Case Study—Jobs that Literally Make People Sick

Writing Assignment
Read Jobs that Literally Make People Sick. Use the Argosy University online library for additional research, and do the following in a Word document:

  • In 1–2 paragraphs, summarize the case and your research that relates to the case.
  • In 2–3 pages, answer the following:
    • What would be the consequences to an employer of having highly demanding jobs with low security, unfair pay, and little control? Explain and justify your answer.
    • How could fish-processing plants like the one described here improve jobs so they can fill vacant positions profitably? Explain and justify your answer.
    • Based on your research, explain at least three HR trends and practices that might help the organization analyze work, design jobs, and job flow. Explain and justify your answer.

Apply the current APA guidelines to your work and use at least three resources in your response.