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Completion of a (1) Research Paper – approximately 2,000 words in length. Students will choose their research question which is focused on social inequality and is appropriately sociological in nature. The student will review the literature and discuss findings from articles to support their research question.
This paper will describe your choice of a research question that is focused on social inequality and is appropriately sociological in nature.
2. You will collect a small amount of quantitative or qualitative data in order to analyze the question. If you choose to go with the quantitative route, you may perhaps include some statistics from sources such as the US Census or the American Community Survey. If you choose a qualitative approach, you can interview/survey individuals.
3. You will utilize and incorporate course readings and any relevant outside sources to support and supplement your analysis.
4. This assessment addresses University Learning Outcome I (College Writing), Outcome II (Critical Thinking), and Outcome IV (Social & Global Perspective).
5. Include citations, reference section, a separate cover page, and ensure for proper paragraph and sentence structures.
Papers will be graded on the following criteria:
CONTENT: Addressing all issues identified for the assignment.
ORGANIZATION: Observing APA format, sentence structure, spelling, grammar, references and paper presentation.
STYLE: Ability to conceptualize ideas and understanding of assigned readings.
USE OF RESOURCES: Ability to use current readings and pertinent resources in sociology.
Some example topics for the purpose of this research paper include:
•analyzing trends in glass ceiling effects among women in corporate sectors based on educational attainment, race/ethnicity, etc.
•analyzing transitions from two year colleges to four year colleges and their respective labor market outcomes among students of color
•picking and analyzing the impact of a contemporary social movement, exploring the social context through which it evolved, and evaluating the effectiveness of such a movement
The student will be required to read, but not limit the readings to the following:•Conley, D. (2013). You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist. (3rd edition). W.W. Norton & Company Publisher. ISBN: 9780393912999.

Assessment Marking Scheme (Student Version)
The assignment is marked out of 100. The following table shows the mark allocation and the approach
required.
Assignment Part Mark Approach
Question 1.
Using Lewin’s Force Field
Analysis and the details from
the case study, critically
analyse relevant, key factors
Burmah Castrol may have
considered when expanding
into Vietnam.
20
For an excellent mark the reader will be provided with
a clear picture of the business context,
Apply Lewin’s Force Field model to critically analyse
what you consider to be driving and resisting factors
in the expansion of Burmah Castrol into Vietnam.
Full and correct pictorial demonstration of the
model is required. Only the relevant force(s)
should be shown on the diagram, explanations
with critical analysis of internal and external
factors from the case study should be in the main
body of the report and not in the diagram/table.
Question 2.
Examine the nature and type
of changes that can exist
when a company expands
into new territories, and
critically evaluate how these
changes could impact on
behaviours and culture.
20
For an excellent mark, students should focus
specifically on the expansion of businesses into new
territories and then critically evaluate organisational
practices that could impact on culture (10 marks) and
behaviours (10 marks).
Students will use examples from the case study and
independent research from the wider world of
business to support their evaluation, supported by
application of relevant models and theories.
Question 3.
Critically evaluate, using
appropriate scholarship,
theories and models, how
leaders could have
contributed to this successful
move by Burmah Castrol. 30
For an excellent mark, students will clearly explain the
concept of leadership in a Change Management
situation such as the Case Study.
They will refer to more than two theories and models
of leadership, accurately relating these to a suitable
business context.
The case study does not give any detail on the leaders
at any level in Burmah Castrol, so students should use
their knowledge and research of Change Management
and Leadership to evidence successful leadership skills
and abilities in business expansion situations.
12
Question 4.
Explain and justify two
recommendations to
effectively manage current,
potential or future issues and
tensions between Burmah
Castrol and its stakeholders,
based on your findings from
Q1-Q3.
20
For an excellent mark students will develop a
comprehensive and coherent pair of
recommendations (10 marks each) that are fully
explained and justified in the business context at
Burmah Castrol.
Students should consider current or future tensions
and apply Change Management theories to support
their two answers.
Use of relevant structure,
introduction, conclusion,
contents tables and Harvard
referencing
10
For an excellent mark, students will use correct
Harvard referencing and clearly structure their
paper, with appropriate titles, subtitles and a
reference page.
Short introductions and conclusions should be
present.
The language used should be appropriate to the
academic context and business communication as
outlined, avoiding colloquialisms informal terms
and jargon.

Journal #2
1. Discuss the practice immersion experience including observations/ events/ situation that affected your perception of nursing, nursing process, ethics and morals.
2. Discuss the actual practice
3. Explain “lessons learned”
4. Describe the practice change you would process and how you would implement a sustainable change
5. Include 4 references and don’t hesitate to contact me if you
My practice immersion project is based on the collaboration with a group of other professionals Dr C and Dr V orinally from Chile. The project consist in the developing and improving primarilly written educational modules for MDs and nurses, called . The module is in Spanish , but if you read Spanish I can send the document to you thus you see the content . The project name is Train the Trainer – Educational Program for Maternal Healthcare Workforce in Latino-America – sponsored by PAHO. These are my objectives as the student collaborating in this project .
1. Review existing modules’ content to facilitate applicability and utility for the targeted audience: maternal health care workforce in Latino-America. (Course Objectives #1, 2, 4; DNP Essentials I, II, III, IV, V, VII, VIII)
2. Build professional partnerships between PAHO and UM-SONHS by working collaboratively in developing content for virtual classroom to train maternal health care workforce in Latino-America. (Course Objective #1, 2 & 3; DNP Essentials I, III, IV, VI, VII, VIII)
3. Review of existing literature to provide most current evidence based practice guidelines for maternal care; provide content-relevant images, videos and online resources to incorporate within virtual course modules (Course Objective #1, 2, & 4; DNP Essentials I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII)
• Translate Chapter #9 ‘s content in Spanish and add References into Refworks program
4. Assist in developing end-of-module quizzes to validate content comprehension and knowledge acquisition (Course Objective #1, 2 & 4; DNP Essentials I, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII)
• Assisting searching for latest Evidence Based content that supports already written module #2 and include new References .

An examination of some aspect of reflective practice, informed by theoretical insights and experience, and integrating extracts from your own diary written for this module.

The aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of Anti-tobacco campaigns for young males from universities in UK. There are few objectives list below;
1. Examine the historically development of tobacco to find out the motivations of promoting tobacco.
2. Critically evaluate the anti-tobacco campaigns from both environment and healthy angel.
3. Examine the consumer behaviour in tobacco business
4. Provide recommendations to enhance the effective of anti-tobacco.

Style, structure and presentation
• Appropriate use of academic style and language
• Coherence of arguments, both within sections, and between sections
• Spelling, punctuation and grammar
• Labelling of figures and diagrams
Structure of the Dissertation
The structure of the dissertation will depend on the topic, and may be edited throughout the process of writing. The following are, however, key elements:
Abstract
A brief outline (300 words maximum). This should be a factual summary of the dissertation that briefly provides:
• the aim and rationale for the research
• the research methods adopted
• the major findings and conclusions.
Table of contents
Chapters in sequence with brief titles; appendices, if any; bibliography, all with respective page numbers.
List of tables/illustrations/maps
You may not have any. If you do have them, a separate sheet is used for each category, listing each item in order, with page numbers. Where the total number of items is very small, you may combine the lists on one page. All the tables, diagrams and other illustrations should be listed in the order in which they appear in the text, together with page numbers.
Abbreviations
It can be very convenient for the reader to have a list of abbreviations when a large number is used in the text and notes. If you do provide such a list, it should be on a separate sheet.
Chapters
Where the first chapter is short and of an introductory nature it may be appropriate to entitle it ‘Introduction’, in the Table of Contents, with the title ‘Chapter One’ reserved for the first substantive chapter. Similarly, there may be a short final chapter simply called ‘Conclusion’. On the other hand, it may be that the argument is introduced and/or concluded in the course of larger opening or closing chapters.
Introduction
This chapter should help the reader understand what the research is about and how it has been conducted. It should provide:
• Any necessary background information
• The rationale for the research (typically including both theoretical and practical rationales)
• The research aims, question and/or objectives, as appropriate
• An overview of the chapters that follow
Literature Review/methods
This chapter reviews previous research, and sometimes practice, that is relevant to your research. It should:
• be informed by a reading in a good range of relevant sources – with an emphasis on academic sources.
• provide definitions of key concepts
• identify major issues, current debates or areas of interest to both researchers and practitioners
• offer a clear view of how the dissertation research fits with existing knowledge, and the modest contribution that it seeks to make
• be analytical and evaluative, comparing and structuring previous research, and not just be a descriptive account of previous research.
• give a statement of the research strategies and research methods chosen and why
• reference ethical issues (if appropriate)
• provide details of the selection of sample interviewees, if used
• inform and lead into the subsequent chapters of the dissertation
Conclusions
This chapter concludes the dissertation. It should:
• offer a summary of the key issues identified which your dissertation has identified, referring back to aims, and the sources identified in the literature review
• evaluate the research you have conducted
• summarise its ‘contribution’ – what is known now that wasn’t known before this research was conducted?
• identify recommendations for further research.
Appendices
Appendices are optional. Typically they include examples of useful background information or evidence. There is no merit in a thick bundle of Appendices.
Sometimes you may have a large body of information which does not fit easily into either the text or notes, as in the case of large statistical tables. Always ask yourself whether you need to provide such information in an appendix.
Bibliography
You must provide a full bibliography of all the material you have used in preparing the dissertation, separated into primary and secondary sources.
Word count
The word count should be typed at the bottom right hand side of the contents page.
References
References must:
• cover all primary and secondary sources cited in the dissertation,
• list secondary sources divided into book and journal articles, in alphabetical order of authors’ names
• adopt a consistent citation practice.( Harvard)

Using PICOT question answer format. design to address the problem using mixed method qualitative and quantitative with multiple time data collection
reference page and be formatted according to APA guidelines. Critique, analyze, and summarize the results of the study as outlined in the following sections.
Introduction/Literature Review/Background
Sample
Methods: Study Design
Methods: Data Collection & Data Management
Statistical Analysis
Conclusions/Strengths/Limitations
As you develop the critique, be sure that you have addressed each of the following:
Criterion 1: Write a brief introduction to your paper. Here are some questions to consider:
Is the purpose/aim(s) of the study clearly stated?
Does the introduction demonstrate the need for the study? In other words, is there a statement of the problem?
Does the literature included in the background/literature review section justify why the problem should be studied/addressed?
Does the article present the background of the problem?
Is there enough information that explains the significance of the problem?
Criterion 2: Literature Review- Here are some questions to consider:
Is the literature review relevant to the problem, well organized and synthesized? Do all cited references relevant to the problem?
Do the articles included in the literature review justify/support the need to conduct the study?
Does the literature review include a summary of the literature that includes implications for future research?
Criterion 3: Sample- Here are some questions to consider:
Are the major characteristics of the population under study described?
If a sample was selected, is the method of selecting the sample clearly described? Is it appropriate? Why or why not?
Does the sample selection method create an unbiased sample indicative of the target population?
Is the sample size adequate for the research questions/study purpose/aims being considered?
Criterion 4: Methods: Study Design- Here are some questions to consider:
Was informed consent obtained? Did an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or ethics committee review and approve the study?
Is the study design suitable for answering the questions or testing the proposed hypotheses?
If you wanted to duplicate this study to test for reliability, are the study design methods described sufficiently enough that they could be repeated by another researcher?
Does the study effectively address the problem identified in the background/introduction? If the study fails to answer the research question, what do you believe is the reason?
Is the study design aligned with the sampling methods? Consider if the way the sample population was obtained is appropriate for this study, and the way the study is designed.
What are the strengths and limitations of the study design?
Criterion 5: Methods: Data Collection Management- Here are some questions to consider:
Does the study provide the rationale for the selection of the instruments (or measurements) used?
Are the instruments described in terms of reliability and validity?
If the instrument was developed specifically for the study, are the methods of its development and validation described?
Were the data collection strategies thoroughly described?
How was the data managed and stored?
Did the data collection and management strategies align with best ethical practices?
Criterion 6: Statistical Analysis- Here are some questions to consider:
Are the variables (dependent and independent) clearly identified?
Were the sample characteristics described?
Were the statistical tests used appropriate to the research questions, sample, and actual data?
Are the findings statistically significant? Clinically significant? ?
Does the statistical analysis effectively discuss the strengths and limitations of the findings of the study/analysis?
Can you identify another method for analyzing the data? Would you take a different approach?
Criterion 7: Results, Conclusion, & Limitations- Here are some questions to consider:
What were the results of the study?
What conclusions were drawn from the analysis?
What are the study’s limitations? Do the study imitations de-value the study findings?
Did the authors suggest practice changes based on their findings?
What are the implications for future research?
If at all, how is this study and these findings applicable to your nursing practice?

see the attach files and read the comment and fix it
School of Health and Social Care
Session 2016-2017
Contents
Introduction 3
Literature Review 4
IMRI 5
Endovascular 5
Computed Tomography (CT) 7
Angiography 7
Recommendation 9
Conclusion 11
References List: 12
Introduction
Technology in medicine, and especially, in the radiology department has advanced to ensure that radiographers, anesthesiologists, and surgeons work collaboratively to produce effective results. The components of a hybrid suite call for a suite that is large enough to accommodate the required equipment in reference to the kind of intervention technique. The hybrid technology is a novice avenue to new diagnostic and treatment possibilities and has taken minimally invasive medical procedures to a new level. Huynh and Bechara (2013) note that hybrid interventions are integral to limb revascularization procedures, accounting for 5% to 21% of all these procedures. The hybrid equipment is flexible in that they can be integrated into the case of operative procedures as well as stand-alone components as shown in the CT section.
The hybrid technology in the operating room merges two distinct and different areas to yield effective results. The essence of this new technology in medicine is to substitute invasive procedures with minimally invasive ones based on empirical evidence on their efficacy and long-term benefits. Hudorović et al., (2010) note that these hybrid procedures are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality rates, and especially among the elderly as they are largely exposed to operative morbidity and mortality. In the recent years, the increase in the use of hybrid procedures has increased, and especially in reference to CT scans (Huynh & Bechara, 2013). There is no standard hybrid procedure but the more dynamic the operating room, the better its efficacy; but, there is a need for standard clinical guidelines for this hybrid technology.
There are various hybrid treatment procedures in light of the condition being treatment. However, this paper concentrates on the hybrid technologies that integrate the imaging component to ensure that definitive treatment is administered (Kataoka et al., 2016). In reference to available literature, the most common hybrid imaging techniques are those that employ computer tomography (CT) and angiography to view vascular anatomy, orthopedic trauma, and various kinds of tumors in view that cardiovascular, injuries, and cancers are among the most common conditions.
Literature Review
The hybrid treatment method composed of a combination of emergency surgery and interventional radiology(IVR) is perceived to be an ideal strategy for treating severely injured patients in the operating room because it reduces the time of resuscitation and treatment (Kataoka et al., 2016). Considering that the efficacy of this mode of treatment has not been adequately researched, Kataoka et al.,(2016) set out to determine the efficacy of IVR that includes a mobile digital subtraction angiography (DSA) combined the emergency surgery when administered to individuals with severe trauma. The research by Kataoka et al.,(2016) indicated that hybrid treatment is an effective type of treatment in increasing overall survival. In addition, this mode of treatment was found to be effective in reducing therapeutic damage and preserving organ functions as well as tissue planes. IVR aided in damage control because it controlled hemorrhage when definitive repair proved ineffective.
The application of transarterial embolization (TAE) in the control of arterial hemorrhage in tandem with damage control surgery was found to be effective inhemodynamically unstable patients who have gone through trauma. The surgical procedures used in this study included craniotomy, laparotomy, hemostasis, damage control surgery, and thoracotomy. However, this study was a retrospective one based on hospital records; hence, it is bound to have been affected by bias considering that the procedures had been conducted by different healthcare workers and some subjective elements to the provision of care cannot be accounted. This study is a good basis for future studies because it lacks the methodological rigor required when control and intervention groups are used. Thereby the essence of this particular study whose essence will be to use a randomized controlled trial to determine the causal effect of hybrid treatment as opposed to theadministration of IVR and surgery is isolation; even though they are both administered, their application does not render them as hybrid kind of treatment.
Interventional techniques used in hybrid operation suites for the purposes of enhancing imaging are discussed below (Hudorović et al., 2010; Rogostki et al., 2012; Crowhurst, Campbell, Whitby, & Pathmanathan, 2013; Tanaka et al., 2014; Tan et al., 2015).
IMRI
Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging combines operative procedures with MRI to produce efficient intraoperative evaluation methods to review cerebral interventions and resections. Obtaining a precise and accurate MRI during an operative procedure is imperative because it directs the healthcare team to further resections and more interventions without wasting time and using additional resources associated with the transfer of a patient to a suitable location. When a hybrid environment in reference to IMR lacks, there is adelay,and the entire procedure tends to take longer than expected. This realization is only theorized, and there are insufficient studies to prove these hypotheses (Rogoski et al., 2012). Apparently, the sterile operating room is not a suitable environment for magnetic fields, which require high safety precautions; hence, the need for relocating the patient, and this interferes with the efficiency of the entire procedure. However, by allowing surgical interventions and MRI examinations to take place simultaneously, evaluation and required interventions use minimal time. Considering that there are two approaches through IMRI suites can be set-up, there are no guidelines to indicate for which procedures are ideal for the two types of scanners: fixed and mobile. Research is required to relate the types of medical procedures or conditions to the most favorable scanner (Rogoski et al., 2012).
Endovascular
Endovascular technology has progressively evolved into a less invasive method that is used to treat vascular disease. This technology began in 1996 when a mini-invasive approach that entailed the combination of “left anterior small thoracotomy and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty” was used as a staging treatment technique or postoperative intervention for individuals with heart disease (Tan et al., 2015). Also, this technology has been used a hybrid technique entailing the combination of endovascular technique and open surgery as a treatment mode for subclavian artery injuries.
Endovascular techniques are indicated to be an effective alternative to open surgical repair in the treatment of vascular injury. Hudorović et al., (2010) note that the vascular hybrid room requires various equipment to ensure it yields the intended outcomes. Therefore, a C-arm, special imaging table, booms, surgical lights, advanced communication systems to relay information on surgical and radiological images when and where needed as well as flat panel arms and displays. An endovascular operating suite composed of all these components enables conversion when necessary to allow the change from a sterile environment to a magnetic one without exposing the patient to infections as he or she is transported from one room to another. During endovascular interventions, an on-table duplex ultrasound is useful for making puncturing easy as well as guiding the endovenous laser therapy (Hudorović et al., 2010). The imaging component in a vascular hybrid room is useful in producing images of superior quality, measurement abilities for procedures of high resolution, and provides tube heat capacities of higher degrees (Hudorović et al., 2010).
Endovascular treatments have been found to be effective in reference to injuries of the aorta, major veins, and peripheral arteries. Instead of an open surgical method, stent or stent-graft placement has been found to be more effective in the repair of conduit vessel lesions. The use of hybrid endovascular treatment for the various vascular procedures has been shown to require reduced radiation dosage without affecting the course of treatment; hence proving to be more effective and reliable (Hertault et al., 2014; van den Haak, Hamans, Zuurmond, Verhoeven, & Koning, 2015). The treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has shifted from the use of surgical procedures to endovascular ones. Literature suggests that some endovascular intervention entails an angiography component (Tanaka et al., 2014). A historical approach to endovascular techniques indicates that hybrid interventions in the operating room use mobile fluoroscopy together with digital subtraction angiography.
Computed Tomography (CT)
CT goes be various names in various literal works, including angiographic CT, C-arm CT, volume CT, and rotational angiography. The use of computed tomography is essential to a hybrid suite because it helps to add on to the capabilities of the operation suite by enhancing access to high-quality digital subtraction (Crowhurst et al., 2013). Also, three-dimensional imaging is available when needed. Examples of hybrid CT scanners include the Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT). Both of these interventional procedures can be used as part of the hybrid technology as well as independent entities for use during conventional procedures (Johnson, 2016). The combination of CT and angiography is useful in the management of occlusive arterial disease I view that the decision for reconstruction is governed by clinical judgment. Huynh and Bechara (2013) indicate that close to 25% of patients require a combination of both aortoiliac and infrainguinalrevascularization; hence, it is important to accurately identify these patients using the hybrid CT/angiography system.
Angiography
When 3D angiography properties are fitted in an operating room, it becomes easier to perform operational procedures because an individual’s vascular anatomy is more visible. This kind of technology in operating procedures is ideal for “coronary, peripheral, or cerebral vascular procedures.” Even though this is an under-researched area, the effects of the hybrid technology cannot be ignored. An angiography unit can be used simultaneously with other interventional techniques, such as endovascular procedures and CT. Thereby, it becomes possible to apply all the required treatment techniques without moving a patient and compromising the sterile conditions. In addition, such a hybrid intervention prevents needle and catheter dislocation. The combination of an angiography unit and CT has been used for various oncologic procedures. Also, a study by Tsagakis et al. (2013) indicate the combined use of angiography and CT on cardiological patients as well to yield positive results associated with reduced mortality due to accurate diagnosis and design of prompt treatment. In the article by Crowhurst et al., (2013), the authors discuss the use of the hybrid CT and angiography system in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. This detection technique includes the application of two techniques: CT arterio-portography (CTAP) and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA).
Most of the empirical research is based on case studies, whose results are not generalizable or from hospital records that were not obtained using clearly laid down research methods. The role of the angiographic unit, in reference to the reviewed literature, is versatile as it is used in combination with many interventional procedures. When used simultaneously with open surgery, it enhanced the performance of IVR procedures. Minimally invasive vascular procedures are currently being adapted to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD) using percutaneous interventions and emerging angiogenesis as well as advanced molecular genetics to replace arterial revascularization (Hudorović et al., 2010).
This technology can also be used alongside CT to achieve superselective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine tumor-feeding arteries and make predictions about embolization areas. This hybrid method is associated with prolonged survival for patients with this carcinoma because this hybrid method helps to ax processes that promote tumor growth. The combined use of angiography and CT is indicated to be better than the use of CT alone in a hybrid operating suite because the CT/angiography system has a high-contrast resolution of CT, large field of view, minimal artifacts, and is applies real-time CT fluoroscopy (Tanaka et al., 2015).
Recommendation
The hybrid technology is shown to be an effective method for providing quality care, but the implementation of this technology in hospitals require a mixture of variant skills and knowledge if expected clinical outcomes are to be achieved (Kopelman, Lanzafame, & Kopelman, 2013). The literature review discussed above gives insight into the essence of the hybrid technology in the medical world, and in light to the radiology field, in the pursuit of efficiency in performance and effectiveness of the involved procedures. The hybrid technology is still a kind of new technology that has not yet been scaled up in all healthcare institutions, but the literature has confirmed that the method is beneficial though more conclusive empirical studies are required. The literature search revealed that hybrid technology is effective in an array of ways including attenuating delay of procedures and reducing the number of anesthesia given as patients are transferred from one location to the next to undergo different procedures at different places. Thereby, incorporating the relatively technology in the hospital would help in the delivery of effective services characterized by accuracy, convenience, and teamwork.
Despite the fact that it is a new technology that proves to be effective in delivery of quality healthcare services, its integration into the healthcare processes of the hospital can pose a huge challenge as employees resist change. First, employees are not knowledgeable about it, and it would require more than just documenting; radiologists would have to work collaboratively with the surgery team, and this requires a great deal of team spirit. For example, angiography and CT are ideal in the provision of vascular interventions and identifying orthopedic trauma (Crowhurst et al., 2013). The application the hybrid technology in the operating room requires collaboration among all the involved healthcare workers. Even though the guidelines for the implementation of this novice technology are yet to be developed, there is need to determine the level of intensity during imaging considering that being precise is paramount. Also, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of various hybrid technologies is important to determine their selection and when they should be applied, appropriately. These requirements for the new technology prove demanding to an individual, and the fear of trying out something new and the requirement for certain skills would result in the resistance to the novice hybrid technology. The hospital, therefore, needs to plan for a training program to educate its radiologists as plans to implement the new technology continue.
Prompt action to train its radiologists will save the hospital from using unnecessary resources planning for a recruitment process. Also, the hospital will not have to undergo shortage of staff because training of staff will go on as implementation plans are underway. Hence, by the time the installation process of the machines and a convenient suite are complete, a section of the staff members will be adequately knowledgeable to aid the others, who will undergo training at certain intervals times and the radiologists can learn from each other. Before all the radiologists can gain the confidence of working alone, they can work in twos. After deliberations and successfully learning the new system to accurately advise and work collaboratively with the healthcare team performing surgery, then radiologists can learn to work independently. Nonetheless, mobilization and pooling of resources to purchase the necessary machines and structure the operation suite in a recommendable style are important. Investing in this new technology is worth it because it is an opportunity for taking healthcare to another level intended to improve operative outcomes and associated quality of life because efficiency is associated with reduced hospital stays.
Conclusion
A hybrid operational suite is an effective and advanced area that helps to improve the performance of healthcare workers because diagnosis and treatment can be done concurrently without any delay in either one of the procedures. As a radiographer, there is need to advance my skills because hybrid imaging is no longer a standalone modality but one that requires me to function across the various interventional modalities. Thereby, they need to work hand in hand with the operating healthcare team to ensure that my role is well played out so that images are produced timely as the surgical procedures proceed. Even though the use of imaging equipment is deemed effective in a hybrid suite, a radiographer needs to be aware of the dosage required considering the fact that operational procedures are in progress. A study by van den Haak et al. (2015) indicate a potential for reduced doses when hybrid technology is used, and there is need for radiographers to get these dosages right when this new technology is underway. Hence, there is limited x-ray exposure because imaging is accurate and well directed in view of collaborative teamwork. Thereby, having a good background knowledge of the hybrid technology is necessary because, as a radiographer, Radiographer can advise doctors on how to go about an operative procedure without delaying operative interventions. The implemented in the hospital in Qatar require more studies for cost effectiveness and to have good business plane before going through full implantation.
References List:
CROWHURST, J.A., CAMPBELL, D., WHITBY, M. and PATHMANATHAN, P., 2013. Novel utilization of 3D technology and the hybrid operating theatre: Peri‐operative assessment of posterior sterno‐clavicular dislocation using cone beam CT. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences. 60(2), pp. 67-70. [viewed 15 April2017]. Available from:http://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.15
HERTAULT, A., et al., 2014. Impact of hybrid rooms with image fusion on radiation exposure during endovascular aortic repair. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 48(4), pp. 382-390.
HUDOROVIĆ, N., et al., 2010. The vascular hybrid room-operating room of the future. Acta Clin Croat. 49(3), pp. 289-298.
HUYNH, T.T. and BECHARA, C.F., 2013. Hybrid interventions in limb salvage. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal [online]. 9(2), pp. 90-94. [viewed 16 April2017]. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.05.026
KATAOKA, Y., et al., 2016. Hybrid treatment combining emergency surgery and intraoperative interventional radiology for severe trauma. Injury. 47(1), pp. 59-63.
KOPELMAN, Y., LANZAFAME, R.J. and KOPELMAN, D., 2013. Trends in evolving technologies in the operating room of the future. JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. 17(2), pp. 171-173. [viewed 16 April2017]. Available from: 10.4293/108680813X13693422522196
TAN, H., et al., 2015. “One-Stop Hybrid Procedure” in the Treatment of Vascular Injury of Lower Extremity. Indian Journal of Surgery. 77(1), pp. 75-78. [viewed 16 April2017]. Available from: doi:10.1007/s12262-013-0897-1
TSAGAKIS, K., et al., 2013. Hybrid operating room concept for combined diagnostics, intervention and surgery in acute type A dissection. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 43(2), pp. 397-404. [viewed 16 April2017]. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezs287
VAN DEN HAAK, R., et al., 2015. Significant radiation dose reduction in the hybrid operating room using a novel X-ray imaging technology. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 50(4), pp. 480-486.

finish on time and enure the quality